EDUCATIONAL

PSYCHOLOGY

Tabernilla, Frenalyne B.
BA- Psychology IIIA

The Self, Social and Moral

Development

Reaching Every Student:

Teacher Support

 Because they are the main adults in

students' lives for many hours in each
week, teachers have a significant role in
students' personal and social
development.

ACADEMIC AND PERSONAL

CARING
According to research, students described
three qualities of a good teacher;
Have positive interpersonal relationshipsthey care about their students.
Keep the classroom organized and
maintain authority without being rigid or
"mean".

 Good motivators- they can make learning

fun by being creative and innovative so
students learn something.
Students define caring in two ways:
Academic Caring- setting high, but
reasonable expectations and helping
students reach those goals.
Personal Caring- being patient, respectful,
humorous, willing to listen, interested in
students' issues and personal problems.

Teachers and Child Abuse

Certainly, one critical way to care about
students is to protect their welfare and
intervene in cases of abuse.
As part of teachers' responsibilities, you
must alert your principal, school
psychologist, or school social worker if you
suspect abuse.

 Legal definition of abuse been broaden in

many states to include neglect and failure
to provide proper care and supervision.
What are the indicators of abuse?
(Table 3.3)

Society and Media

Students of this generation grew up in a
world of media, mobility and machines.
Each year their use of technology increases.
(Figure 3.2)

One student told that "texting is pressure"- means that

peers and even parents are always present. Their
message demanding a response, even if the students
is in class and must text in secret under the desk or
with hands inside a backpack.

IDENTITY AND SELF-CONCEPT

Children's understanding of themselves
are concrete at first. Early views of self
and friends are based on immediate
behaviors and appearances.
Children's thinking about themselves and
others is simple, segmented and rulebound, not flexible or integrated into
organized systems.

Erikson: Stages of Psychosocial

Development
Erikson's psychosocial theory
emphasizes the emergence of the self, the
search for identity, the individual's
relationships with others, and the role of
culture throughout life.
Erikson's eight stages of Psychosocial
Development. (Table 3.4)

Erikson suggests that the individual faces a

developmental crisis which can be
resolved by embracing an extreme
position or by the healthier and more
productive stance of finding a balance
between the extreme responses.
THE PRESCHOOL YEARS: Trust,
Autonomy, and Initiative.

Autonomy- Independence
Initiative- Willingness to begin new activities
and explore new directions.
THE ELEMENTARY AND MIDDLE
SCHOOL: Industry Versus Inferiority
Industry- Eagerness to engage in productive
work.

 ADOLESCNES: The search for Identity

Identity- The complex answer to the
question: "who am I?"
JAMES MARCIA(1991,1994,1999)
expanded on Erikson's theory of identity
formation. He focused on two essential
processes in achieving a mature identity:
exploration and commitment.

 Exploration- the process by which

adolescents consider and try out
alternative beliefs, values, and behaviors
in an effort to determine which will give
them the most satisfaction.
Commitment- individual's choices
concerning polotical and religious beliefs.

Four Categories of Identity Status that

arises from Four Patterns of Exploration and
Commitment.
1. Identity Achievement- strong sense of
commitment to life chouces after free
consideration of alternatives.
2. Moratorium- Identity crisis; suspension of
choices because of struggle.
3. Identity forclosure- acceptance of parental
life choices without consideration of
options.

4. Identity Diffusion- uncenteredness;

confusion about who one is and what one
wants.
IDENTITY AND TECHNOLOGY
Some scholars of technology have
speculated that establishing a separate
identity is complicated for adolescents
today because they are constantly
connected to others.

BEYOND THE SCHOOL YEARS

Intimacy versus Isolation refers to a
willingness to relate to another person on
a deep level, to have a relationship based
on more than mutual need.
Intimacy- forming close, enduring
relationships with others.

 Generativity versus Stagnation extends

the ability to care for another person and
involves concern and guidance for both
the next generation and future
generations.
Generativity- sense of concern for future
generations.

 Integrity versus Despair- consolidating

your sense of self and fully accepting its
unique and now unalterable history.
Integrity- sense of self-acceptance and
fulfillment.

Racial-Ethnic Identity
ETHNIC IDENTITIES: Outcome and
Process
Four outcomes for ethnic minority youth in
their search for identity:
o Assimilation- fully adopting the values and
behaviors of the majority culture and
rejecting their ethnic culture.

o Separated- associating only with members

of their ethnic culture.
o Marginality- living in the majority culture,
but feeling alienated and uncomfortable in
it and disconnected from the minority
culture as well.
o Biculturalism or integration- maintaning
ties to both cultures.

RACIAL IDENTITY: Outcome and Process

Nigrescence- the process of developing a
Black identity.
Five stages of Nigrescence according to
William Cross:
1. Pre-encounter
2. Encounter
3. Immersion/Emersion
4. Internalization
5. Internalization-Commitment

RACIAL AND ETHNIC PRIDE

- A positive self-concept about one's racial
or ethnic heritage.
SELF-CONCEPT- individuals' knowledge
and beliefs about themselves-- their ideas,
feelings, attitudes, and expectations.

THE STRUCTURE OF SELF-CONCEPT

A student's overall self-concept is based
on other, more specific concepts, including
academic and nonacademic self-concepts.
For adolescents, both their overall
academic self-concept (how quickly they
learn or how well they do in school in
general) and their subject-specific selfconcept (how good they are in math) may
influence their actions and motivation.

HOW SELF-CONCEPT DEVELOPS

The self-concept evolves through constant
self-evaluation in different situations.
In the first two months of school,
differences in reading self-concept began
to develop.
As students mature, they become more
realistic, but many are not accurate judges
of their own abilities.

-Thank you!