FUNGI

Heterotrophic eukaryotes
Yeast
Unicellular, asexual reproduction
Molds
Most multicellular with sexual or
asexual reproduction
Filamentous
Dimorphic
Filamentous at room temperature
Yeast at human body temperature

STRUCTURE
AND FUNCTION
OF THE
BACTERIAL
CELL

BACTERIAL CELL
Cell EnvelopeCOMPONENTS

- Outer membrane (gram-negative)

- Cell wall (murein layer)
Gram positive contains a thick layer of peptidogly
Gram negative contains thin layer of peptidoglyca
Acid fast contains waxy substances (e.g. mycolic
acids)
Periplasm
- Contains gel-like substances that capture nutrients
- Contains enzymes
Cell membrane
- Is the deepest layer of the cell
- Contains proteins and enzymes vital to cellular

Peptidoglycan sheet

Peptidoglycan subun

 Multiple peptidoglycan layers

compose the murein structure
Different layers are
extensively cross-linked by
peptide bridges
Amino acid chains are derived
from NAM.
NAG (N-acetylglucosamine)
NAM (N-acetylmuramic acid)

Gram-positive cell wall

Gram-negative cell wall

ACID-FAST CELL WALL

Gram Positive
Possess a waxy layer of
mycolic acid bound to the
cell wall
Hydrophobic difficult to
stain with gram stain
MYCOBACTERIUM &