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Introduction:
Function of Glycogen:
Structure of Glycogen:
Glucokinase
Glucose
ATP Mg++
ADP
phosphoglucomutase
Glucose 6 phosphate
Glucose 1 phosphate
Mg++
UTP
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorlase
PPi
UDP-glucose
Glucose
2- Formation of glycogen:
UDP-glucose reacts with glycogen primer which
few molecules of glucose linked together by 1-4
linkage
A protein called glycogenin UDP-G molecules react
with OH of tyrosine of that protein to initiate
glycogen synthesis.
Glycogen synthesis by the action of glycogen
synthase enzyme, UDP-G molecules are added to
glycogen primer causing elongation of the 1-4
branches up to more than 11 glucose units.
UDP-G
Glycogen primer+
Glycogen synthase
Degradation of Glycogen
Glycogenolysis
Definition:
It is the break down of glycogen into glucose in the liver
and lactic acid in muscles.
Reaction:
During Fasting:
Glycogen synthase
protein kinase
ATP
Phosphorylase
ADP
protein kinase
ATP
(In active)
phosphorylated phosphorylase
ADP
(Active)
After meal:
Phosphorylated phosphorylase
Phosphatase
Pi
Phosphatase
Pi
Phosphorylase
(In active)
Glycogen synthase
(Active)
Liver glycogen
Muscle glycogen
Sources
Amount
Concentration
6%
1%
Function
End product
Glucose
Lactate
Effect of insulin
Stimulation of glycogenesis
The Same
Effect of
epinephrine
Stimulation of glycogenolysis
The Same
Effect of Glucagon
Stimulation of glycogenolysis
No effect
Carbohydrate
Depletion
Glycogen runs out
Occurs with:
Starvation
(high
No protein/low
carbohydrates
carb diet)
in diet
(diabetic)
No insulin