Sinhgad Technical Education Society

Basic Mechanical
Engineering
unit 2
Design Fundamentals

UNIT NO 02
Design Fundamentals
Design: Steps in design process, mechanical

properties
(Strength, Toughness, Hardness,
Ductility, Malleability, Brittleness, Elasticity,
Plasticity, Resilience, Fatigue, Creep) and
selection of engineering materials, Applications
of
following
materials
in
engineeringAluminium, Plastic, Steel , Brass, Cast iron,
Rubber, Copper.
Mechanism
(Descriptive treatment only):
Definition, and comparison of mechanism and
machine, four bar mechanism, Slider crank
mechanism.Classification of Pairs.
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DESIGN
Design refers to the plan of construction of an

object.
The persons who performs the design is called as
a designer and the sequence of activities
performed by the designer is called as a design
process.
Machine design refers to a systematic process
of designing a machine which converts
mechanical energy into some useful form of task
by using mechanisms.
Machine design may lead to entirely design a
new machine or develop an existing machine .
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Engineering design
1. Material
2. Dimensions
3. Shapes and sizes
4. Processes
5. Drawings
6. Mechanism
7. Properties
8. Study, experiences
9. Characteristics
10. Mathematical calculations
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NEED OF MACHINE DESIGN

Functional requirement
Rigidity
Optimization
Simplicity
Economy
Compactness

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Flexibility
Innovation
User comfort
Safety
Modification
Appearance
Cost reduction
Market needs

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GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGN

Type of load
Selection of material
Shape and size
Friction and lubrication
Operational safety
Machine availability
Use of standard parts
Motion of elements
Production quantity
Maintenance of element
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GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGN

Life of element
Capacity of element
Weight of element
Cost of element

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STEPS IN A DESIGN PROCESS

1. Define the need

2. Synthesis

3. Analysis of forces
4. Selection of material
5. Critical design to avoid failure
6. decide factor of safety
7. Determine dimension
8. Design of elements( Shape, size and stresses)
9. Modification
10. Detailed drawing
11. Preparation of report
12. Production
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Design terminology
1. Stress= internal force/area
2. Strain= deformation /length
3. Proportional limit = point at

which stress-strain begins to

deviate
4. Elastic limit = point till which
material exhibits the elastic
properties
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5. Yield point= stress at which material

yields
6. Ultimate stress= max. value of stress on
which the force required to continue
straining the specimen begins to
diminish
7. Breaking stress= fracture point
8. Modulus of elasticity= the proportionality
constant is known as youngs modulus or
modulus of elasticity
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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL

The various properties of a material are

mainly classifies as follows:
1. Mechanical Properties
2. Thermal Properties
3. Electrical Properties
Here we are supposed to study only the
mechanical properties of a material as
follows.
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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Mechanical properties include those characteristics of a

material that describes its behavior under the action of

external forces.
The knowledge of mechanical properties of a material is
very essential to construct a mechanically fool-proof
structure.
Some of the important mechanical properties are as
follows:

Elasticity, Plasticity, Toughness,

Resilience, Strength, Stiffness,
Ductility, Malleability, Brittleness,
Hardness, Fatigue, Creep.
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