FOLDED YARNS

PRESENTATION GROUP MEMBERS ARE :

WAQAS ALI

13-NTU-SF-058

ZAHEER ABBAS

13-NTU-SF-059

ZAIN-UL-ABIDEEN

13-NTU-SF-060

ZEESHAN MUSHTAQUE 13-NTU-SF-062

ZOHAIB ALI MIRANI 13-NTU-SF-063
AWAIS SHOUKAT

13-NTU-SF-064

KHALIL-UR-REHMAAN

13-NTU-SF-065

Folded yarns
Yarn folding is also known by the alternative names of plying (particularly for
hand-knitting yarns,otherwise known as 'fingering' yarns), doubling (in
Lancashire), or twisting (in Yorkshire); it consists of combining two or more single
yarns together by twisting them around each other in one operation.
The number of single components is usually specified by stating the number of
'folds': for example two single yarns folded together are described as a two-fold
yarn, similarly it is common to name threefold and four-fold yarns; the term multifold may be used collectively to describe yarns with more than two single
components although it is more usually used for yarns with more than four
components.

When multi-coloured folded yarns are produced,care must be taken to ensure that
the different coloured supply yarns are creeled in the same order at every spindle
in order to avoid apparent differences in yarn colour.

Cabled yarns:
These are produced by combining together a folded yarn with one or more other
yarn/s by twisting them around each other, hence cabled yarns involve two or
more processes of twist insertion after spinning; an exception to this rule applies
to continuous filament tyre cords

where a two-fold yarn might be described as a cabled cord,

and the folding twist might be called the cable twist. Some
sewing threads are cabled yarns with a structure designed to
give a compact non-torque, minimum stretch, minimum
irregularity, and maximum strength yarn.

The objective of yarn folding

The production of folded yarns is expensive compared with a single yarn of
the same resultant count.For example if a two-fold yarn is to be made, then
the single yarn must be spun to approximately half the resultant count. This
means that about three times as many spinning spindles are required to
obtain the same output as would be obtained by spinning a single yarn direct
to the final resultant count; in addition there is the cost of the folding
operation.
Despite their additional cost, folded yarns are frequently produced because
of one or more of the benefits which may be obtained:

1. When two or more identical single yarns are combined

together they lose their individual identities and become
merely part of the final thread. The result is that yarn
irregularity is reduced.
2. In general the mean yarn strength is increased. the effect of
folding twist on yarn strength follows a similar pattern to the
effect of twist on single yarn strength, i.e. strength increases
with twist to a maximum and then decreases. The amount of
strength increase depends on the details of the yarn
construction and on the tension applied during folding a

3. The variation of yarn strength is reduced: for example, a two-fold yarn

strength C.V.% may be only 0.35 to 0.45 times that of the single
component yarn.
4. Balanced twist (i.e. non-torque) folded yarns can be produced.
5. By a suitable combination of spinning twist and folding twist, within
limits yarns may be made more compact or bulkier, thereby influencing
yarn softness

6. Yarn elongation at break can be controlled within limits, mainly by the

tension applied during folding; less tension increases elongation.An
increased amount of spinning twist or folding twist increases yarn
elongation at break although with cotton yarns the effect is negligible
except at high levels of twist. The condition for minimum extensibility is
when the spinning and folding twists are balanced in such a way that the
individual fibres are parallel to the resulting yarn axis.

7. Improved lustre may be obtained by using a suitable twist and applying maximum
tension.
8. Novelty yarns may be produced by using one or more of the following methods:
. Combination of different fibre types to give a distinctive appearance or behaviour to the yarn.
. Combination of different colours to produce colour twists, marls, etc.
. Combination of different yarn thicknesses to produce spiral yarns.
. Combination of different yarn lengths to produce effects such as knops, gimps, and boucl yarns.
. The use of unusual amounts of twist to produce special effects such as frescoes and crpes.