Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
TRADEMARKS, SERVICE
MARKS
AND TRADE NAMES
Group 2:
Ayson, Barrantes, Corro,
David
TRA TRA
DEM DE
ARK NA
ME
Refe Refe
rs
rs
to
to
the busi
goo ness
Q:
What
is
the
doctrine
of
secondary meaning?
A: This doctrine is to the effect that a
word or phrase originally incapable of
exclusive appropriation with reference
to an article on the market, because it is
geographical or otherwise descriptive,
may nevertheless be used exclusively
by one producer with reference to his
article so long as in that trade and to
that branch of the purchasing public,
the word or phrase has come to mean
that the article was his product.
Ex. Pale Pilsen
Sec. 123.2
The Office may accept as prima facie
evidence that the mark has become
distinctive, as used in connection
with the applicants goods or
services in commerce, proof of
substantially
exclusive
and
continuous use thereof by the
applicant in commerce in the
Philippines for five (5) years
before the date on which the
When the period for filing the opposition has expired, or when
the Director of Legal Affairs shall have denied the opposition, the
Office upon payment of the required fee, shall issue the certificate
of registration. Upon issuance of a certificate of registration, notice
thereof making reference to the publication of the application shall
be published in the IPO Gazette. (Sec. 10, R.A. No. 165)
SECTIONS 140-153
Answers the following questions:
1. Can the registrant cancel, amend, or disclaim an application of a
trademark?
2. Are Trademark Copies considered an evidence?
3. What happens if theres a mistake in the certificate?
4. What are Classification of goods and services?
5. How can we trademark certificate be renewed?
6. What are the rights of the trademark owner?
7. Can the Mark be assigned or transferred?
8. What are license contracts?
9. Can trademarks be cancelled? What is a generic trademark? How is a
generic trademark determined?
10. Can non-use of a mark be excused? Are there exceptions fro trademarks
to be cancelled ? Can other companies use the mark?
11. What is the form of petition for cancellation?
YES.
1.Shall be made in the records of the
Office
2.There shall be payment of
prescribed fee
3.Provided that: Theres no material
alteration
YES.
1.Shall be authenticated by the seal of
the Office and certified by the Director of the
Administrative, Financial and Human
Resource Development Service Bureau or in
his name by an employee of the Office duly
authorized by said Director
YES.
1.It may be done with or without the
transfer of business
2.It may not include any deceit or
public misleading as a result
3.Shall be in writing, signed by the
contracting parties
4.Shall be recorded and paid
5.Shall have no effect aginst thirs
parties unless recorded
License Contracts
Trademark Treatment
1.Licensor shall have control over the
quality of goods and services of the
licensee. If the quality will not be
carried out, then the license contract
shall not be valid
2.License Contract shall be recorded
for it to bind against third parties
Generic Trademark
Common name or description of
goods. E.g Supermarket, Philippines,
accessories, sponge, detergent
powder
Courts and and agencies with
jurisdiction shall exercise the power
to determine of the trademark is
already generic or not
Determining a generic
trademark
IftheBureauofLegalAffairsfindsthata
caseforcancellationhasbeenmadeout,it
shallorderthecancellationofthe
registration.
Whentheorderorjudgmentbecomes
final,anyrightconferredbysuch
registrationupontheregistrantorany
personininterestofrecordshall
terminate.
Noticeofcancellationshallbepublishedin
theIPOGazette.(Sec.19.R.A.No.166a)
Anypersonwhoshall,withouttheconsentoftheowner
oftheregisteredmark:
155.1.Useincommerceanyreproduction,
counterfeit,copy,orcolorableimitationofaregistered
markorthesamecontaineroradominantfeature
thereofinconnectionwiththesale,offeringforsale,
distribution,advertisingofanygoodsorservices
includingotherpreparatorystepsnecessarytocarryout
thesaleofanygoodsorservicesonorinconnection
withwhichsuchuseislikelytocauseconfusion,orto
causemistake,ortodeceive;or
155.2.Reproduce,counterfeit,copyorcolorably
imitatearegisteredmarkoradominantfeature
thereofandapplysuchreproduction,counterfeit,
copyorcolorableimitationtolabels,signs,prints,
packages,wrappers,receptaclesoradvertisements
intendedtobeusedincommerceuponorin
connectionwiththesale,offeringforsale,
distribution,oradvertisingofgoodsorserviceson
orinconnectionwithwhichsuchuseislikelyto
causeconfusion,ortocausemistake,ortodeceive,
shallbeliableinacivilactionforinfringementby
theregistrantfortheremedieshereinaftersetforth:
Provided,Thattheinfringementtakesplaceatthe
momentanyoftheactsstatedinSubsection155.1
orthissubsectionarecommittedregardlessof
whetherthereisactualsaleofgoodsorservices
usingtheinfringingmaterial.(Sec.22,R.A.No
166a)
156.2. Onapplicationofthecomplainant,the
courtmayimpoundduringthependencyofthe
action,salesinvoicesandotherdocuments
evidencingsales.(n)
156.3.Incaseswhereactualintenttomislead
thepublicortodefraudthecomplainantisshown,in
thediscretionofthecourt,thedamagesmaybe
doubled.(Sec.23,firstpar.,R.A.No.166)
156.4.Thecomplainant,uponpropershowing,
mayalsobegrantedinjunction.(Sec.23,second
par.,R.A.No.166a)
157.1. InanyactionarisingunderthisAct,inwhich
aviolationofanyrightoftheownerofthe
registeredmarkisestablished,
thecourtmayorderthatgoodsfoundtobe
infringingbe,withoutcompensationofanysort,
disposedofoutsidethechannelsofcommercein
suchamannerastoavoidanyharmcausedtothe
rightholder,ordestroyed;
andalllabels,signs,prints,packages,wrappers,
receptaclesandadvertisementsinthepossessionof
thedefendant,bearingtheregisteredmarkortrade
nameoranyreproduction,counterfeit,copyor
colorableimitationthereof,allplates,molds,
matricesandothermeansofmakingthesame,shall
bedeliveredupanddestroyed.
157.2.Inregardtocounterfeitgoods,the
simpleremovalofthetrademarkaffixed
shallnotbesufficientotherthanin
exceptionalcaseswhichshallbedetermined
bytheRegulations,topermitthereleaseof
thegoodsintothechannelsofcommerce.
(Sec.24,R.A.No.166a).
Inanysuitforinfringement,theownerofthe
registeredmarkshallnotbeentitledtorecover
profitsordamages
unlesstheactshavebeencommittedwith
knowledgethatsuchimitationislikelytocause
confusion,ortocausemistake,ortodeceive.
Suchknowledgeispresumediftheregistrantgives
noticethathismarkisregisteredbydisplayingwith
themarkthewords.
"RegisteredMark"ortheletterRwithinacircleorif
thedefendanthadotherwiseactualnoticeofthe
registration.(Sec.21,R.A.No.166a)
SEC. 15.Section159ofRepublicActNo.8293,
otherwiseknownastheIntellectualPropertyCode
ofthePhilippines,isherebyamendedtoreadas
follows:
SEC. 159. LimitationstoActionsforInfringement.-
NotwithstandinganyotherprovisionofthisAct,the
remediesgiventotheownerofarightinfringed
underthisActshallbelimitedasfollows:
159.1NotwithstandingtheprovisionsofSection
155hereof,aregisteredmarkshallhavenoeffect
againstanypersonwho,ingoodfaith,beforethe
filingdateortheprioritydate,wasusingthemark
forthepurposesofhisbusinessorenterprise:
Provided,Thathisrightmayonlybetransferredor
assignedtogetherwithhisenterpriseorbusinessor
withthatpartofhisenterpriseorbusinessinwhich
themarkisused.
159.2Whereaninfringerwhois
engagedsolelyinthebusinessof
printingthemarkorotherinfringing
materialsforothersisaninnocent
infringer,theowneroftheright
infringedshallbeentitledasagainst
suchinfringeronlytoaninjunction
againstfutureprinting.
159.3. Wheretheinfringementcomplainedof
iscontainedinorispartofpaidadvertisement
inanewspaper,magazine,orothersimilar
periodicalorinanelectroniccommunication,
theremediesoftheowneroftherightinfringed
asagainstthepublisherordistributorofsuch
newspaper,magazine,orothersimilar
periodicalorelectroniccommunication
shallbelimitedtoaninjunctionagainstthe
presentationofsuchadvertisingmatterin
futureissuesofsuchnewspapers,magazines,
orothersimilarperiodicalsorinfuture
transmissionsofsuchelectronic
communications.
Thelimitationsofthissubparagraphshallapply
onlytoinnocentinfringers:
Provided,Thatsuchinjunctivereliefshallnotbe
availabletotheowneroftherightinfringedwith
respecttoanissueofanewspaper,magazine,or
othersimilarperiodicaloranelectronic
communicationcontaininginfringingmatterwhere
restrainingthedisseminationofsuchinfringing
matterinanyparticularissueofsuchperiodicalor
inanelectroniccommunicationwoulddelaythe
deliveryofsuchissueortransmissionofsuch
electroniccommunicationiscustomarily
conductedinaccordancewiththesoundbusiness
practice,andnotduetoanymethodordevice
adoptedtoevadethissectionortopreventor
delaytheissuanceofaninjunctionorrestraining
orderwithrespecttosuchinfringingmatter.(n)
"159.4Thereshallbenoinfringementof
trademarksortradenamesofimportedor
solddrugsandmedicinesallowedunder
Section72.1ofthisAct,aswellas
importedorsoldoff-patentdrugsand
medicines:
Provided,Thatsaiddrugsandmedicines
beartheregisteredmarksthathavenot
beentampered,unlawfullymodified,or
infringeduponasdefinedunderSection
155ofthisCode."
Inanyactioninvolvingaregisteredmark,the
courtmaydeterminetherighttoregistration,
orderthecancellationofaregistration,in
wholeorinpart,andotherwiserectifythe
registerwithrespecttotheregistrationof
anypartytotheactionintheexerciseofthis.
Judgmentandordersshallbecertifiedbythe
courttotheDirector,whoshallmake
appropriateentryupontherecordsofthe
Bureau,andshallbecontrolledthereby.(Sec.
25,R.A.No.166a)
AllactionsunderSections150,155,
164,and166to169shallbebrought
beforethepropercourtswith
appropriatejurisdictionunderexisting
laws.(Sec.27,R.A.No.166)
courtswithinone(1)monthafterthefilingofany
action,suit,orproceedinginvolvingamark
registeredundertheprovisionsofthisAct,to
notifytheDirectorinwritingsettingforth:
thenamesandaddressesofthelitigantsand
designatingthenumberoftheregistrationor
registrationsandwithinone(1)monthafterthe
judgmentisenteredoranappealistaken,the
clerkofcourtshallgivenoticethereoftothe
Office,andthelattershallendorsethesameupon
thefilewrapperofthesaidregistrationor
registrationsandincorporatethesameasapart
ofthecontentsofsaidfilewrapper.(n)
False Designations of
Origin; False Description or
Representation
False Representation
(b)In commercial advertising or
promotion,
misrepresents the
nature,
characteristics,
qualities, or
geographic origin