What is Organization?

org. as a process
org. as a unit.
 As a unit-
Organization may be defined as
human group deliberately and
consciously created for the
attainment of certain goals and with
rational coordination of closely
related activities.
Features of organization:

1)Identifiable Aggregation of Human

beings
2)Deliberate and Conscious
Creation
3)Purposive Creation
4)Coordination of activities
5)Structure
6)Rationality
Concept of Organizational
Behavior
 Nature of Organizational Behavior

A field of study and not a Discipline

Interdisciplinary approach
An Applied Science
Humanistic and Optimistic
Nominative and Value Centered
Oriented towards Organizational Objective
System approach
 OB and other similar fields

OB & Behavioral science

OB & Human relation

OB & Organization theory
OB focuses on three levels of
analysis: Individuals, Groups, and
Organizations
Foundation of Organizational Behavior

There are many approaches in the form of scientific

management, administrative theory and other
organizational theories. But the real beginning of
research in organizational behavior was made by the
Hawthorne experiments.
Organizational Behavior Models
Autocratic
Model
Custodial model
Supportive model
Collegial model
 Autocratic Model
• Base on use of power
• Managerial orientation is towards use of authority as the only means
to get the things done
• Employee oriented towards the obedience
• Employee psychological effect is that they are dependent on boss
• Employees live on subsistence level and generally exploited
• This model largely based on the theory of x assumptions of Mac
Gregor where the human beings are not interested to do work.
• This model is generally found in lower strata of organization and
usually where employees can be motivated by physiological needs.
• Performance is minimum
 Custodial model
•Base on use of economic resources
•The managerial orientation is to pay for the benefits only and
maintenance factors to the employees
•Employee orientation is satisfying their security needs
•Employee psychological effect- not dependent on boss but on
organization
•Employees security needs met
•Resembles with Herzberg’s satisfy and dissatisfy theory
•More predominant in family managed business org.
•Passive cooperation of employees
 Supportive model

•Based on managerial leadership rather than on the use of power or

money
•The aim of managers is to support employees for achieving results.
•Employees are generally oriented towards the performance
•Employees psychological effect is towards participation
•Employees get status and recognition and higher order needs
satisfied like esteem and self actualization
•This model is based on ‘principles of supportive relationship’ of Likert.
And also follows Mcgregor’s Y theory
•Best suited in conditions where employees are self motivated
•Employees are awakened
 Collegial model
•Extension of supportive model in which there is body of people having
common purpose.
•Based on the team concept
•The employee orientation is responsibility
•Employee psychological effect is self discipline
•Employee needs met are self actualization
•Work under the condition of behavioral flexibility, an intellectual
environment and considerable job freedom.
•Moderate enthusiasm is there