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STATE

MIND AND BODY

Can the body affect the
mind?
Example?
How about the mind
affecting the body?
Example?
Two-way communication
between mind and body

PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE
Psyche (mind)
Soma (body)
Butterflies in the
stomach
Anxious before giving
speech
Indigestion, nausea
Stress may contribute
to getting an ulcer.

REDUCING THE
Stress is less
EFFECTS
OF STRESS
harmful if
Have some control (even if just belief).
Predictable (going to feel a little pinch).
Know the duration.
Coping mechanism.
Some way to relieve stress.
Positive attitude.
Active participant in process.

RELIEVE STRESS
Meditation
Listening to
soothing music
Taking a quiet walk
Reduce stress
Eliminate
butterflies

WHAT IS EMOTION?
Internal conscious states that we
infer in ourselves and others.
Emotions are private
experiences.
We use operational definitions
because we cannot actually see
feelings.
We infer observable behavior
associated with emotion.

FOUR COMPONENTS OF EMOTION

Feelings

SocialExpressive

Significant life event

Emotion

Sense of
Purpose

Bodily
Arousal

FEELING COMPONENT
Emotions are subjective feelings
Make us feel in a particular way.
Anger or joy.
Meaning and personal significance.
Vary in intensity and quality.
Rooted in mental processes (labeling).

BODILY AROUSAL
Biological activation.
Autonomic and hormonal systems.
Prepare and activate adaptive coping behavior
during emotion.
Body prepared for action.
Alert posture, clenched fists.

PURPOSIVE COMPONENT
Give emotion its goal-directed force.
Motivation to take action.
Cope with emotion-causing circumstances.
Why people benefit from emotions.
Social and evolutionary advantage.

SOCIAL-EXPRESSIVE COMPONENT
Emotions communicative
aspect.
Postures, gestures,
vocalizations, facial
expressions make our emotions
public.
Verbal and nonverbal
communication.
Helps us interpret the situation.
How person reacts to event.

ASPECT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

Peter Salovey (Yale)
John Mayer (U of NH)
Four branch ability model
of emotional intelligence
Mayer-Salovey-Caruso
Emotional Intelligence Test
MSCEIT

IDENTIFYING EMOTIONS
(BRANCH 1)
Skills needed to perceive and express feelings.
Recognizing facial expressions.
Non-verbal communication.
Tell when someone is being authentic.
Express accurate emotions for situation.
Foundation for other branches.

FACILITATING
EMOTIONS (BRANCH 2)
Using emotions to facilitate thinking.
Improve problem solving and boost creativity.
Emotional component to motivation.
Care enough to send the very best.
Using emotion to help make decisions.

MANAGING EMOTIONS
(BRANCH 4)
Developing mood regulation skills.
Productive ways to change mood.
Avoid over and under regulation.
Seek natural means rather than alcohol, tobacco or
other drugs.
Stress coping strategies.
Use optimistic explanatory style.

HEALING THROUGH
LAUGHTER
Norman Cousins
Anatomy of an Illness (1979)
Life-threatening inflammatory
disease
Cartoons and Marx Brothers
10 mins of laughing gave him 2
hrs of pain-free sleep
Laughter reduced inflammation
Healing power of positive mood

EMOTIONAL STATES
AND IMMUNITY
Negative emotional states associated with unhealthy
physical states.
Positive emotional states associated with healthier
states.
Cardiovascular and immune systems.
S-IgA = secretory immunoglobulin A
First line of defense in the immune system

MANIPULATING EMOTION
Healthy college students
watching videos.
Humorous video
enhanced immune
function ( S-IgA)
Sad video suppressed
immune function ( S-IgA)
Not clear how long these
changes persist.
Contribute to illness.

COPING STYLES AND

ILLNESS

People dealing with severe stressors more

susceptible to illness.
Negative emotional states reduce immune
function.
Coping styles could aid healing.
Pennebaker: helping people process and
confront traumatic life events improves
health.
Talk about illness, release pent-up
negative emotions.

EMOTION AND ENVIRONMENT

Positive emotional states
signal a safe environment.
Negative states signal an
alert.
Something is wrong and
must be corrected.
Function of pain.
It hurts; get help.

OPTIMISTIC OUTLOOK

Positive emotional states provide resilience.

Strength to confront illness.
Personal resources to seek solutions.
Creativity in thought and action.
Focus on and plan for future outcomes.
Belief that you will get well.
Do what you can to support recovery.

SOCIAL SUPPORT
With social support, observe:
Lower mortality
More resistant to disease.
Lower incidence of heart
disease.
Faster recovery from surgery.
Decreased levels of stress.
Improved coping with illness.

SPIRITUALITY

Also plays a role in wellness

and recovery from illness.
A topic for later discussion.