By

Prof. Dr. M. H. H.
Awaad
Prof. Dr. Manal Afify

Faculty of Vet. Medicine,

Cairo University

Biosecurity
Term that includes measures
taken to prevent infectious
agents (viruses, bacteria,
fungi, protozoa & parasites),
insects, rodents, and wild birds
from infecting poultry flock.

Personnel

Birds

Miscellaneous

Humans

(foot wear, contaminated

hands, contaminated clothing with
dust, feathers)

Neighbors (when a disease is in

progress warn neighbors not to visit).

Work crew (Blood testing, beak

trimming, vaccination, sexing,
inseminating etc).

Visitors (Careless visitors).

Recovered carriers

(still retain
the infectious organism).

Multiple ages
potential).

(A serious disease

Started Pullets

(can introduce a
disease onto a layer farm)

Mixed species of poultry

(E.g.
Histomoniases in chickens is mild
but in turkeys cause disastrous
losses).

Insects:

(Disease transmitters, intermediate hosts,

mechanical carriers).

Feed:

(may contain infectious agents e.g.

salmonellae).

Contaminated equipment and

vehicles.
Rodents.
Household pets.
Wild birds.

:Isolation- 1

Distance between farms &

houses within the farm.

:All in all out policy- 2

Or using Functional Units If it
is impossible to limit the entire
farm to a single age of poultrydivided into separate
quarantinable units or areas
for different groups of birds
(rearing area, production
groups) with strict security
procedures.

Feeders and Waterers

Rodents should be kept out of feed.

Good feed storage, transportation, avoid mycotoxins and Salmonella.
Not be overfilled so that feed is spilled into litter (growth of molds).
Minimize spillage of water.
Good distribution system.
Properties of cleaning water, pH (6.5<8.5 , nitrate <50 mg/ L ,
hardness 100 300 ppm & Iron <0.2 mg/ L)

Ventilation:
Improper

ventilation leads to:

Excess dust, Excessive draft, damp litter (parasites)
and high ammonia level (growth inhibition,
kerato-conjunctivitis, exacerbate respiratory infections).

:Entrances
Boots must be thoroughly cleaned before
the wearer steps into the pan of disinfectant
.solution

:Feed and Water Medication

. Feed medication is not the best method
If bulk water tank it should be of plastic or
lined with protective substance to be ready
. for cleaning and mixing medicaments

Floors and surfaces:

Impervious material.

3- Personnel control

Dead-Bird Disposal:

Foci of infection (hygienically disposal, burning, burying).

:Grounds around Buildings

.Rodent control
A 20-m band of short-mowed grass or gravel discourage
their migration. unused equipment are good hiding and
breeding places for rodents.
.

.Insect control
.Spraying the area around building with an insecticide

Buildings and Runs:

Clean buildings:

Hygienic disposable of litter as

it remains as a disease reservoir
For varying lengths of time.

Washing and disinfecting:

Wash and disinfect feeders, waterers, egg

collecting equipment, walls, floors, roosts or
cages, outside concrete and entries.

* All portable equipment should be

removed, soaked with water, then
thoroughly washed and dried.
* High-pressure water hose is effective.
* Follow the manufacturers
recommendations of disinfectants.
* Disinfectants applied to dirtencrusted surfaces are ineffective and
wasted

1- Brooder temperature.

Chilling, overheating, starvation, and dehydration are

serious stress producers (350 C and gradually reduced).

2- Coccidiostates and other drugs.

Floor-reared poultry receive coccidiostatic drugs from

the 1st day to prevent coccidiosis.

3- Flock requirements.

Maintaining feed, water, and environmental conditions

at the optimum condition.

4- Immunization.

Vaccination against certain diseases at the appropriate

time is good common sense and a means of preventing
spread of virulent forms.

A- Breeders
1-Diet, Health, Parental Immunity.
* A breeder ration must contain a
higher level of many nutrients
than does a laying ration.

Poor health breeder hens fail to

supply vital embryo and/or chick.
* Maternal immunity protects
chicks 2-4 weeks after hatch.

2- Preventing Interior Egg-borne

Diseases.
Various techniques are used for preventing disease
agents from being transmitted from dam to offspring via
the egg (Egg Suscp. Test in AE).

a- Immunization.
Immunization of breeders during the growing period
against several common diseases to prevent adverse
effects of infections on egg production.

b- Destruction of Agent Inside The Egg.

Force antibiotics through the shell of incubating eggs to

prevent transmission of pathogenic Mycoplasma spp.).

c- Testing and Removal Of Carriers.

(Serologic tests).

d- Treatment Of Offspring.

3- Preventing Of Eggshell-Borne
Diseases.
(Procedures are used to overcome shell
contamination that arises from intestinal
contents and other environmental
sources).

B- Hatching Egg Sanitation:

A- Clean Hatching Eggs. (clean
eggs, dry-cleaned, Wire roll-out
nests, sufficient nests, keeping litter
dry).
B- Fumigation of Eggs. (shell
surface disinfected in farm by
fumigation or before eggs enter the
hatchery building or at the
entrance to the egg-processing
area).

C- Washing and Liquid

Sterilization. (Washing with warm
detergent solution followed by shell
sterilization with a chlorine
compound, quaternary ammonia
product, or other sanitizing agent).

D- Storage Facilities.
(After fumigation or shell
sterilization, hatching eggs are
frequently stored in clean
periodically disinfected cool room

1- Design and Location:

1. Away from sources of poultry patho

(poultry farms, processing plants,
necropsy laboratories, and feed mills).

2. One-way traffic flow from the egg en

to chick-loading area.

2- Importance of good
Sanitation:

1.Trays thoroughly washed with

hot water or steam followed
with disinfectant spray, or
fumigating with formaldehyde in
the hatchery.
2. Fumigation during the hatch
(at about 10% hatch).

Observe the Normal:

Watch feed and water consumption

and egg production, normal sounds
and actions of the flock.

Look for Non-infectious

Conditions. Management errors.
Quarantine the Flock.
Set up a quarantine of pen, building,
farm unit area, or entire farm.

Submit specimens or Call a

Veterinarian.

DISINFECTANTS

Properties of ideal disinfectant:

1- Low cost per unit of disinfecting value.
2- Ready solubility in hard water.
3- Relative safety for humans and animals.
4- Non-destructibility to utensils and fabrics.
5- Stability when exposed to air.
6- Absence of objectionable odor.
7- No residual toxicity.
8- Effectiveness for a large variety of infectious
agents.
9- No deleterious accumulation of any portion of the
disinfectant in meat or eggs.

Phenols (viridical & bactericidal Gm +ve) they are

often combined with halogens (iodine and
chlorine).

Halogens are easily neutralized by organic matter and their efficacy is

greatly shortened by sunlight. Both are effective in hard water.
Quaternary ammonium. These compounds are not suitable for
disinfection of poultry premises because they are readily inactivated
by organic matter and hard water.
Aldehydes: Formaldehydes and glutraldehydes

Iodine compounds.
Cholinrated compounds.
Others.

Cresolic acid. This material has good residual action and is very

effective, even at low concentration, against most bacteria and

viruses. It has a very strong odor.
Phenolic acids. While many brands and price levels are available,
only high-quality brands of phenolic acid disinfectants should be
used. Less-effective phenolic acids are used in the inexpensive
brands.

Thank
You