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BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

PAVEMENT DESIGN:
Flexible Pavement Design
(ARAHAN TEKNIK JALAN 5/85
PINDAAN 2013)

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

INFORMATION NEEDED AS INPUT


FOR PAVEMENT DESIGN
(1) Types and volume of commercial vehicles for
which the pavement structure is designed
(2) Design life
(3) Sub-grade types and strength
(4) Types and properties of paving materials used
(5) Environment to which the pavement structure will
be exposed

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

Single Axle

Tandem Axle

Traffic Loading

Tridem Axle

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

Load Factor

1.5

8.16
0.00114

Car 1.5 tonne

Lx


LS

4
LS = 80kN, 8.16 tonne,
18,000 lb

Lorry 9 tonnes

18

8
.
16

23.67

8.16
1.48

Bus 18 tonnes

Trailer 26 tonnes

26

8.16
103.07

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

Climatic / Environmental Effect

////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////
Seepage
from
highlands

///////////////////////////
Water ponding

Seepage through
shoulder

Seepage through pavement

Water content rises in subgrade


Subgrade looses strength and stability
If subgrade is too weak, pavement will fail

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

PAVEMENT DESIGN METHODOLOGY


Based on TWO (2) strains which are critical to
pavement performance (Figure 1)
Vertical strain, z on top of the sub-grade
Horizontal strain, t at the bottom of the lowest
bound pavement course
Remain within acceptable range by providing
appropriate types and thickness of materials.

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

Determination of Design Traffic


Equivalent Standard Axle Load (ESAL) 80 kN
Based on commercial vehicles (CV)
Traffic data include:
Number of CV during Year 1 of Design Period expected year completion of
construction
Vehicles Class and axle load distribution
Directional and lane distribution factors
Tyre characteristics and inflation pressure
Traffic growth factors

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

Axle configurations and corresponding load equivalent factor (LEF) Table 1

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

Design Procedure Traffic category

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

Properties of sub-grade

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

Properties of paving materials

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

y
r
t
s

t
e
e
l
L
p
m
a
Ex

Yeah!

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

ARAHAN TEKNIK JALAN 5/85 2013

WORK EXAMPLE

Design a road pavement for a 2-lane highway with an average daily


traffic of 1350 vehicles, 16% of which are commercial vehicles with an
un-laden weight > 1.5 tons.

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

WORK EXAMPLE

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

WORK EXAMPLE

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

WORK EXAMPLE

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

WORK EXAMPLE

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

WORK EXAMPLE

BFC 31082 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Lecturer: Mr. Mustafa Kamal bin


Shamshuddin

THANK YOU

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