THIRD EDITION

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH
Dee Unglaub Silverthorn, Ph.D.

Chapter 19, part B

The Kidneys

PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by

Dr. Howard D. Booth, Professor of Biology, Eastern Michigan University
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Reabsorption: 10 Active Transport

(Passive diffusion in)
Active Transport
Na+ to ECF
K+ into cell
ATP-ase
Uses energy
Na+ ECF peritubular
capillaries
Reabsorption blood
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Reabsorption: 10 Active Transport

Figure 19-11: Sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Reabsorption: Secondary Active Transport

Na+ linked 20 transport

Symport
Glucose
Ions
Amino acids
Proximal tubule, key site

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 19-12: Sodium-linked glucose reabsorption in the

proximal tubule

Reabsorption: Passive Transport & Trancytosis

Passive Transport of urea
Na+ pumped out
H2O follows
Passive
[urea]
[urea] higher than ECF
passive diffusion to ECF
Trancytosis of proteins
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Reabsorption: Passive Transport & Trancytosis

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 19-13: Passive reabsorption of urea in the proximal tubule

Reabsorption: Receptors can Limit

Transport maximum
Saturation (# of receptors)
Competition
Specificity
Renal Threshold
Example: glucosuria

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Reabsorption: Receptors can Limit

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 19-15: Glucose handling by the nephron

Secretion: From Peritubular Blood vessels & ECF

Active Transport into nephron tubules

Example: K+ & H+ (more on this next unit)

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Secretion: From Peritubular Blood vessels & ECF

Figure 19-2 : Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Solute Clearance: Rate of removal from the Blood

Information on
Kidney Function
GFR
Reabsorption
rates
Secretion rates

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 19-16: Inulin clearance

Excretion:
All Filtration Products that are not reabsorbed

Excess ions, H2O, molecules, toxins, "foreign

molecules"
"nitrogenous waste": NH4+ and excess urea
Kidney Ureter bladder urethra
out of body

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Excretion:
All Filtration Products that are not reabsorbed

Figure 19-5: The filtration fraction

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Urination: Micturation reflex

Bladder:
smooth muscles
internal sphincter
external sphincter
Regulation

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Urination: Micturation reflex

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 19-18: The micturition reflex

Summary
Kidney produces urine, ureter bladder
urethra
Nephron filters, reabsorbs, secretes and excretes
Arteriole pressure dictates GFR through
autoregulation, ANS and hormonal influences
Most filtrate is reabsorbed & returned via
peritubular blood vessels; excess & toxic remains
are excreted
Urination reflex uses involuntary and voluntary
paths
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings