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DESTRUCTIVE TEST
& IMPACT TEST
B y,
1 . N u r Az wa n i B t R a m l i ( 0 8 D K M 1 4 F 1 0 8 5 )
2 . A i n a S ya f i q a h B t N a z l i n ( 0 8 D K M 1 4 F 115 3 )
3 . N u r a n i s S u r a ya B t M o h d R a p i ( 08 D K M 1 4 F 1 0 4 5 )
4 . N u r H a l e e d a Ayu n i e B t M o h d M i l a t u ( 0 8 D K M 1 4 F 110 5 )
5 . A s m a i z a n B t Ab R a h m a n ( 0 8 D K M 1 4 F 1 0 0 6 )
H A R D NE S S T E S T
The resistance of a metal to permanent(plastic) deformation
Indentation Hardness used for steel
as opposed to scratch or rebound hardness
Heavy Plunger
The indentations on
each test piece are
measured.
The deeper the
indentation the softer
the material
Specimen to be Tested
Steel Ball Bearing
HARDNESS TESTING
Measures the materials resistance to indentation or
scratching
Hardness Value
Read Directly From
Dial
Table Height
Adjustment
Indenter
Test Component
Placed on Table
Activating lever
BRINELL HARDNESS
BHN
D D
2P
BRINELL HARDNESS
A spherical indenter (1 cm diameter) is shot with 29 kN force
at the target
Frequently the indenter is steel, but for harder materials it is
replaced with a tungsten carbide sphere
The diameter of the indentation is recorded
The indentation diameter can be correlated with the volume
of the indentation.
ASTM and ISO use the HB value. It can be HBS (Hardness,
Brinell, Steel) or the HBW (Hardness, Brinell, Tungsten)
HBW = 0.102 BHN
Sometimes written as HBW 10/3000 (Tungsten, 10 mm
diameter, 3,000 kg force)
TYPICAL HB VALUES
Material
Softwood (e.g., pine)
Hardwood
Aluminum
Copper
Mild steel
18-8 (304) stainless steel
annealed
Glass
Hardened tool steel
Rhenium diboride
Hardness
1.6 HBS 10/100
2.67.0 HBS 1.6
10/100
15 HB
35 HB
120 HB
200 HB
1550 HB
15001900 HB
4600 HB
3 . ROC KW E L L HA R D N E S S
Code
Load
HRA 60 kgf
Indenter
Use
Tungsten carbide
Al, brass, and
soft steels
C
D
HRF 60 kgf
Harder steels
CONVERSION/COMPARISON
HBW
10/3000
HRA 60KG
HRB 100KG
HRC 150KG
Tensile
Strength
(Approx)
638
80.8
59.2
329,000
578
79.1
56
297,000
461
74.9
48.5
235,000
375
70.6
40.4
188,000
311
66.9
33.1
155,000
241
61.8
100
22.8
118,000
207
94.6
16
100,000
179
89
87,000
149
80.8
73,000
111
65.7
56,000
I M P AC T T E S T
1.IZOD TEST
Pendulum
Test Specimen
Held Vertically
Vice
Vice
Specimen
2 . C H A R P Y I M PACT T E S T
Measures a materials toughness
Pendulum
The Specimen is held
horizontally between
two supports
The notch on the
specimen faces away
from the pendulum
Support
Specimen