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Feeding of Burets
Burets
A buret is a long cylindrical tube with a valve
at the bottom end, which is used for making
very precise volumetric measurements.
When liquid is dispensed through the valve at
the bottom of the buret, the difference
between the final volume reading and the
initial volume reading measures the volume of
liquid which has come out of the buret.
Buret stopcock
(note that the buret tip is
completely full of liquid, with
no air bubbles in the liquid)
Reading a Buret
The burets that we will be using are marked at 0.0
mL on the top line, and 50.0 mL on the bottom line,
with 0.1 mL increments.
This means that the line on the meniscus must be
read to the nearest 0.01 mL to ensure that the
correct number of significant figures have been
recorded.
Setting Up a Buret
Acid-Base
Titrations
Acid-Base Titrations
A titration is a procedure that is often used for
determining the concentration of a solution. Most
commonly, a standard solution of known
concentration is reacted with a solution of unknown
concentration.
By measuring the volume of standard solution that
reacts with a known volume of the unknown
solution, the concentration can be calculated from
the reaction stoichiometry.
A common example of this process is an acid-base
titration, in which an acid or base of unknown
concentration reacts with a base or acid of known
concentration in a neutralization reaction:
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Acid-Base Titrations
The solution of unknown concentration which is
being titrated is placed in an Erlenmeyer flask,
which can be easily swirled to ensure complete
mixing.
The titrant, which will react with the unknown
solution, is placed in the buret. This is a solution of
known concentration (or with a concentration that is
determined by another series of titrations known as
standardization).
The valve at the bottom of the buret is opened, and
the titrant is added to the unknown solution, causing
a chemical reaction to take place. The addition is
stopped when the number of moles of titrant which
has been added is equal to the number of moles of
reactant in the solution which is being titrated.
Base of known
concentration
Acid of unknown
concentration
H+
H+
OHOHOHOHOHOHOH-
H+
OHOHOHOHOH-
H+
H+
beginning of titration
no OH- added
H2O
OHOH-
H+
H2O
H2O
H2O
H+
H2O
H+
H2O
H2O
equivalence point
all H+ has become H2O
mol NaOH
1 mol HCl
L NaOH
mol HCl
L
1 mol NaOH
mol HCl
M HCl
L HCl soln.
Titration Video
Titration Video
Final reading
18.51 mL
1 mol HCl
0.008251 mol NaOH
0.008251 mol HCl
1 mol NaOH
Titration of Vinegar
In this experiment, the concentration of acetic acid,
HC2H3O2, in commercial vinegar will be determined
by titration against a standard solution of NaOH.
The equation for this neutralization reaction is:
HC2H3O2(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaC2H3O2(aq) + H2O(l)
From the known concentration of the sodium
hydroxide, and the volume of the solution that
emerges from the buret, the number of moles of
NaOH can be determined, which allows the number
of moles of HC2H3O2 originally present and the
concentration and weight percent of the acid to be
determined.
THE END