1

INTRODUCTION OF WAPDA ELECTRICITY SYSTEM

IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRICITY

Electricity is essential for life as the air, water and food. With
electricity we light our houses, shops, streets and run our fans, air
conditioners and refrigerators.
The electricity is the backbone of economy of our country as it
is used to run the industries and agricultural tube wells.
WAPDA electricity system is segregated into
1. Generation.
2. Transmission.
3. Distribution.
2

GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY
The electric generator is a machine, which converts mechanical
energy into electrical energy. The fundamental principal of electricity
generation is based upon Faradays Law of electromagnetic induction,
which states that whenever the magnetic flux linked with a circuit is
changed, an e.m.f. is induced in the circuit. The magnitude of induced
e.m.f. is directly proportional to the rate of change of flux. This induced
e.m.f. causes flow of electric current if the circuit is closed.
The electricity generation in Pakistan is categorized into:1.

Thermal generation

2.

Hydal generation

3.

Nuclear generation
3

1.

2.

3.

THERMAL GENERATION
In thermal generation coal, oil and gas is used to produce heat energy .
This heat energy is converted into mechanical energy with the help of turbines and
the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by generators according to
Faradays Law of electromagnetic induction.
HYDAL GENERATION
In hydal generation the potential energy of water is converted into
mechanical energy with the help of turbines. The turbines are coupled with the
electric generators, which convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy
according to Faradays Law of electromagnetic induction. The type of generation is
most economical and cheap.
NUCLEAR GENERATION
In this type of generation heat energy is produced by fission process.
This heat energy is converted into mechanical energy by steam turbines and
mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy by the electric generators.
Nuclear generation is produced at Karachi and Chashma.
4

The installed capacities of different power plants in Pakistan are shown as below:HYDAL GENERATION (WAPDA)

Sr.
No.

Name of Plant

Capacity in M.W

Completed

1.

Tarbela

3478

1974

2.

Ghazi Barotha

1450

2002

3.

Mangla

1120

1967

4.

Warsak

243

1960

5.

Chashma

184

2001

6.

Jinnah Hydal

96

2013

7.

Small hydal

600

--

7171

--

Sub Total

THERMAL GENERATION (WAPDA)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Jamshoro
Guddu
Faisalabad
Sukhar
Quetta
Multan
Muzaffargarh
Pasni
Mesco
Lakhra
Shahdra
Kotri
Sub Total

880
1655
376
50
83
260
1370
17
20
150
85
174
5120

6.36
11.96
2.72
0.36
0.60
1.87
9.90
0.12
0.14
1.08
0.61
1.25
37.01

THERMAL GENERATION (PRIVATE)

1.

Hubco

1292

--

2.

Kohinoor

131

--

3.

Kapco

1621

--

4.

AES Lalpir

362

--

5.

AES Pak Gen

365

--

6.

Sepcol (Southern Electric

Power Company Limited.)

117

--

7.

Uch Power Limited.

586

--

8.

Rousch Power Limited

412

--

9.

Liberty Power Project

235

--

10.

Fauji Kabirwala Power

Company

157

11.

Japan Power Generation Pvt.

Limited

120

--

Sub Total

5398

--

Grand Total

--

--

At the time of independence

Pakistan inherited 60 MW, while
prior to creation of WAPDA in
1958, the total generation in
Pakistan was 119 MW out of
which 53 MW was Hydal and 66
MW was Thermal.
8

TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICITY ENERGY

The electric is normally generation at power Stations far away from the
area where consumers are located. Hence the electrical energy is transmitted over a long
distance. The electrical supply system may be compared to a tree, the roots of which
represent the generation equipment, supplying, nourishment to all parts of the tree. The
trunk of the tree represents the primary transmission line carrying from the generating
stations to the various sub-stations, the branches represent the distribution system
conducting electricity to each small branch and represent consumers. Power system
consists of the following elements:1.
Generation Station
2.
Step up Transformers
3.
Primary Transmission Lines
4.
Step down Transformers
5.
Secondary Transmission Lines
6.
Step down Transformers
7.
Primary distribution Line
8.
Distribution Transformers
9.
Secondary distribution Lines
10.
Individual Service Cables for Consumers
9

10

11

TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRIC POWER IS CARRIED OUT AT

HIGH VOLTAGE DUE TO THE FOLLOWING REASONS.

For the same electric power to be transmitted.

1.
2.
3.
4.

At high voltage, the line losses are decreased as

compared to the line losses at lower voltage.
The percentage voltage drop is decreased when the
voltage is increased.
The volume of conductor required is lesser at high
voltage as compared to the transmission at low voltage.
Transmission efficiency increases with the increases of
voltage.
12

ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

The electrical distribution system consists of

1. Distribution system at 33KV and 11KV.
2. Low voltage distribution system at 400/230 Volt.

13

14

FACING OF CROSS-ARMS
The cross-arms on 11KV poles/structures are installed by adopting the method of facing. It will provide
maximum strength to the line and the cross arms will not go on breaking incase of a break down.
Facing of cross-arms of different situations is explained as below:1.

STRAIGHT LINE.

The cross-arms should face in opposite directions.

2.

CURVE.

Cross arms should face towards the center of the curve.

3.

ANGLE AND CORNER.

The X-arms on the poles next to angle or corner pole should face
4.

towards corner.

STEEP GRADES.

The X-arms should face to the up grade (next slide)

5.

LONG SPANS.

Cross arms on poles next to those supporting to long span should face away from the long

span.

15

16

17

STANDARD
LINE
ASSEMBLIES

WAPDA has issued a numbers of drawing base on

Standard Line or equipment Assemblies Accordingly the
work of a Construction Engineer (and the staff) has become
very simple. Instead of involving in complicated affair of
planning and designing, the construction / operation can
devote more time towards proper supervision and control
on the use of standard material and productions of Good
Quality construction work.
These assemblies have been standardized for all
over Pakistan to ensure a uniform standard of power
distribution system
19

THESE STANDARD LINE ASSEMBLIES FACILITATE /

HELP IN PREPARATION OF BOQ, DEVELOP TECHNICAL
KNOW-HOW, CONFIDENCE.

To educate lower staff (Technical)

To monitor / control / its implementation

To keep the HT/ LT system durable stable /

healthy
To avoid safety hazards
Line beauty depends upon quality, work
manship

11 KV / LT LINE ASSEMBLIES FOR LATTICE STEEL STRUCTURES AND P.C

POLES
Sr.
ES/DD
No.

DESCRIPTION

11 KV SINGLE
CROSS ARM
1-L
ASSEMBLY

11 - KV DOUBLE
2 - L CROSS ARM
ASSEMBLY

LOCATION / USE

ALL TANGENT OR STRAIGHT

LINE /SMALL ANGLES SPAN
440 TO 500 FT.

ROAD CROSSING/SMALL
ANGLE

TYPE OF SUPPORT
STRUCTURE WITH WOODEN
CROSS ARM
PC POLE WITH WOODEN CROSS
ARM
PC POLE WITH ANGLE IRON
CROSS ARM
STRUCTURE WITH WOODEN
CROSS ARM
PC POLE WITH WOODEN CROSS
ARM
PC POLE WITH ANGLE IRON
CROSS ARM

11 - KV VERTICAL
USED FOR MEDIUM ANGLE OF
3 - L ANGLE ASSEMBLY
DOG CONDUCTOR
(WITH EXT.LINK)

STRUCTURE /PC POLE

11 - KV VERTICAL
ANGLE ASSEMBLY USED WHERE ANGLE IS UPTO
4-L
(WITH OUT EXT.
60
LINK)

FOR STRUCTURE / PC POLE

11 - KV VERTICAL
DEADEND
5-L
USE ON LINE ANGLE 60-90
ASSEMBLY (WITH
EXT. LINK)

STRUCTURE WITH WOODEN

CROSS ARM
11 KV HORIZONTAL IT IS USED WHERE LINE ENDS
PC POLE WITH WOODEN CROSS
7 - L SINGLE DEADEND FOR RABBIT/GOPHER
ARM
ASSEMBLY
CONDUCTOR.
PC POLE WITH ANGLE IRON
CROSS ARM

STRUCTURE / PC POLE

REMARKS
GOPHER 0-11
RABBIT
08
DOG
0-03

GOPHER
0-19
DOG

0-

0-25
RABBIT
0-08

GOPHER, USE
ASSEMBLY 4 L
RABBIT, USE ASSEMBLY
4L
DOG 06-12
GOPHER USE ASSEMBLY
4 L 20-60
RABBIT USE ASSEMBLY 4
L 15-60
DOG 12-60
-

11 KV / LT LINE ASSEMBLIES FOR LATTICE STEEL STRUCTURES AND P.C

POLES
Sr.
No.
7

10

ES/DD
8-L

10 - L

15 - L

16 - L

11

20 - L

12

21 - L

13

22 - L

DESCRIPTION

LOCATION / USE

11-KV HORIZONTAL
SINGLE DEAD END WHERE LINE ENDS FOR DOG
ASSEMBLY (STEEL CONDUCTORS ONLY
CROSS ARM)
USED FOR FORMING DOUBLE
DEAD END ON LONG LINE OR
11-KV HORIZONTAL TAKING SMALL ANGLE. ALSO
DOUBLE DEAD END USED FOR INSTALLATION OF
ASSEMBLY
SECTIONALIZING SWITCHING.
OMITANCHOR SHACKLES FOR
LINE ANGLE OF 5 OR LESS.

TYPE OF SUPPORT
STRUCTURE WITH STEEL CROSS ARM

_
PC POLE WITH ANGLE IRON CROSS ARM

STRUCTURE WITH WOODEN CROSS ARM

USED FOR NARROW STREET AND
PC POLE WITH WOODEN CROSS ARM
FOR MEDUIM ANGLE WHERE
CLEARANCE IS REQUIRED FOR
PC POLE WITH ANGLE IRON CROSS ARM
BUILDING.

STRUCTURE WITH WOODEN CROSS ARM

WHERE LINE CROSS EACH
11 KV CROSS-OVER
OTHER HORIZONTAL. THE TAP IS PC POLE WITH WOODEN CROSS ARM
AND TAP ASSEMBLY
AT THE LOWER POSITION.
PC POLE WITH ANGLE IRON CROSS ARM
STRUCTURE WITH WOODEN CROSS ARM
11 KV CROSS PC POLE WITH WOODEN CROSS ARM
OVER AND TAP
--DO-ASSEMBLY (FOR
PC POLE WITH ANGLE IRON CROSS ARM
EXISTING LINE)
11 KV TEE - OFF
ASSEMBLY

USED AS PER REQUIRMENT

STRUCTURE WITH WOODEN CROSS ARM

PC POLE WITH WOODEN CROSS ARM

STRUCTURE WITH WOODEN CROSS ARM

USED FOR NARROW STREET AND
PC POLE WITH WOODEN CROSS ARM
11-KV OFF SET
SLIGHT ANGLES WHERE
SINGLE
CLEARANCE IS REQUIRED FOR
X - ARM ASSEMBLY
PC POLE WITH ANGLE IRON CROSS ARM
BUILDING.
11-KV OFF SET
DOUBLE
X-ARM ASSEMBLY

REMARKS

STRUCTURE WITH WOODEN CROSS ARM

PC POLE WITH WOODEN CROSS ARM
PC POLE WITH ANGLE IRON CROSS ARM

GOPHER 0-10
RABBIT 0-05
DOG 0-03
GOPHER 0-20
RABBIT 0-15
DOG 0-05
_

_
OMIT ANCHOR
SHACKLE FOR
TEE OFF ANGLE
OF 5 OR LESS.

11 KV / LT LINE ASSEMBLIES FOR LATTICE STEEL STRUCTURES

AND P.C POLES
Sr. No. ES/DD

14

15

16

17

DESCRIPTION

LOCATION / USE

TYPE OF SUPPORT

STRUCTURE WITH WOODEN

CROSS ARM
11 KV TEE - OFF ASSEMBLY
PC POLE WITH WOODEN CROSS
23 - L
( FOR EXISTING LINE).
ARM
PC POLE WITH ANGLE IRON
CROSS ARM
STRUCTURE WITH WOODEN
IT IS CALLED "COMPOSIT CROSS ARM
11 KV & 400 VOLT
IN LINE ASSEMBLY". IN
PC POLE WITH WOODEN CROSS
40 - L COMPOSITE LINE
WHICH LT LINE RUNS
ARM
ASSEMBLY
BELOW HT RUNNING
PC POLE WITH ANGLE IRON
LINE.
CROSS ARM
STRUCTURE WITH WOODEN
CROSS ARM
11 KV & 400 VOLT
PC POLE WITH WOODEN CROSS
41 - L COMPOSITE SMALL ANGLE
ARM
ASSEMBLY
PC POLE WITH ANGLE IRON
CROSS ARM
IN THIS CASE THE LT STRUCTURE WITH WOODEN
CROSS ARM
INSULATORS ARE
11 KV & 400 VOLT
INSTALLED ON THE
PC POLE WITH WOODEN CROSS
42 - L COMPOSITE DEAD END
INTERNAL FACE OF THE ARM
ASSEMBLY
POLE INSTEAD OF ONE PC POLE WITH ANGLE IRON
SIDE OF THE POLE.
CROSS ARM

REMARKS
OMIT ANCHOR
SHACKLE FOR TEE
OFF ANGLE OF 5 OR
LESS.

This assembly is used for angled running lines with Double X-ARMS.
This assembly is also used for road crossings.

This assembly is used for 11 KV vertical line with extension link for medium angled and
conductor passes through suspension clamps.

This assembly is used for 11 KV vertical line without extension link

for heavy angled and conductor passes through suspension
clamps.

This assembly is used for 60 degree 90 degree angled

(vertical) 11 KV lines.

This 11 KV assembly is used on terminal pole or dead end pole

with double X-ARM (Wooden).

This 11 KV single line dead end assembly is used on terminal pole

or dead end pole with single steel X-ARM.

This assembly is used for double 11 KV dead ends for making

section between 11 KV lines and for slight angles.

This Assembly is used on 11 KV running lines with Single X-Arm and

single step brace.
This Assembly is used for narrow streets with slight angles and
where clearance is required from buildings.

This assembly is used on 11 KV running lines with double cross arm.

This assembly is used for narrow streets and medium angled where
clearance is required from buildings.

This assembly is used for crossing of two 11 KV lines with each others
upper & lower positions

This assembly is used for crossing of new 11 KV line under the

existing 11 KV line on the same structure.

This assembly is used for 11 KV T-Off from straight 11 KV line on the

same structure.

This assembly is used for new T-Off line from existing 11 KV line.

This assembly is used for straight 11 KV line with LT composite line

on single cross arm.

This assembly is used on angled 11 KV running line with LT

composite line.

This assembly is used on 11 KV line & LT composite line for single

structure dead end

DESCRIPTION

1-L
11 KV SINGLE CROSS ARM ASSEMBLY 1-L
This Assembly is used for 11 KV Straight Lines and small angle

S#
1
2

APPLICATION TABLE
CONDUCTO LINE
R
ANGLES
Gopher
O to 11
Rabbit
O to 08
Dog
O to 03

NOTE:USE AT TANGENT POSITIONS

AND SMALL ANGLES. SPAN
440 TO 500 FT.

DESCRIPTION
Wood Cross Arm
0
Cross Arm Brace
1xx28

QUANTITY
4x5x8-

1
2

11 KV Pin Insulator

Insulator Pin

M. S. Bolt 3/8x6

M. S. Bolt 5/8x2

M. S. Bolt 5/8x14

Round Washer 1 Dia 7/16 Hole

Square Washer 2 x 2 x Dia

11/16 Hole

2-L
11 KV DOUBLE CROSS ARM ASSEMBLY 2-L FOR LATTICE STEEL POLE
This assembly is used for angled running lines with Double X-ARMS.
this assembly is also used for road crossings.
S#

APPLICATION TABLE
CONDUCTO LINE
R
ANGLES
Gopher
O to 25
Rabbit
O to 19
Dog
O to 08

NOTE:USE AT ANGLE POSITIONS

AND ALL ROAD CROSSINGS.

DESCRIPTION
4x5x8-0

QUANTITY

Wood Cross Arm

Cross Arm Brace

11 KV Pin Insulator

Insulator Pin

M. S. Bolt

3/8x6

M. S. Bolt

5/8x2

M. S. Bolt

5/8x18

Double Arming Bolt

Round Washer

1 Dia

10

Square Washer
Hole

2 x 2 x Dia 11/16

1xx28

5/8x20
7/16 Hole

2
4

2
4
10

3-L
11 KV VERTICAL ANGLE ASSEMBLY 3-L (WITH EXTENSION LINK) FOR
LATTICE STEEL POLE.
This assembly is used for 11 KV vertical line with extension link for medium angled and
conductor passes through suspension clamps.
NOTE:USE THIS ASSEMBLY AT MEDIUM ANGLE
LOCATIONS FOR 11KV LINE WITHOUT LT
WITH DOG ACSR CONDUCTOR, ESPECIALLY
WHERE CLEARANCE ON THE GUY SIDE IS
REQUIRED. USE ONE GUY.

APPLICATION TABLE
CONDUCT
LINE ANGLES
OR
Use Assembly
Gopher
4-L
Use Assembly
Rabbit
4-L
Dog
6 to 12

S#

DESCRIPTION

QUANTITY

11 KV Disc Insulator 10 Dia Clevis

Type

Suspension (Angle) Clamp

Eye Nut 5/8

Double Arming Bolt

5/8x12

Double Arming Bolt

5/8x14

Anchor Shackle

Extension Link 14

4-L

11 KV VERTICAL ANGLE ASSEMBLY 4-L (WITHOUT

EXTENSION LINK) FOR LATTICE STEEL POLE.
This assembly is used for 11 KV vertical line without extension link for
heavy angled and conductor passes through suspension clamps.
NOTE:USE THIS ASSEMBLY AT HEAVY ANGLE FOR
11KV LINE WITH ALL STANDARD ACSR
CONDUCTOR. USE ONE GUY FOR GOPHER
AND GUY RABBIT CONDUCTOR. FOR DOG
CONDUCTOR USE ONE GUY FOR LINE
ANGLE UP TO 40 DEGREE AND TWO GUY
FOR GREATER ANGLES.

S#
1

APPLICATION TABLE
CONDUCTO LINE
R
ANGLES
2O to
Gopher
60
15 to
Rabbit
60
12 to
Dog
60

DESCRIPTION
11 KV Disc Insulator 10 Dia Clevis
Type

QUANTIT
Y
3

Suspension (Angle) Clamp

Eye Nut

Double Arming Bolt

5/8x12

Double Arming Bolt

5/8x14

Anchor Shackle

5/8

5-L

11 KV VERTICAL DEAD END ASSEMBLY 5-L (WITH

EXTENSION LINK) FOR LATTICE STEEL POLE.

S#

USE ONE LINE ANGLES 60 TO 90 USE

ONE GUY FOR GOPHER AND RABBIT
AGAINST EACH END. FOR DOG USE TWO
GUYS AGAINST EACH DEAD END.

QUANTITY

11 KV Disc Insulator 10 Dia Clevis eye

Type
Dead end Clamp two bolt type

Eye Nut

Double Arming Bolt

5/8x12

Double Arming Bolt

5/8x14

P.G Clamp two bolt type

Extension link 14

Anker Shackle

NOTE:-

DESCRIPTION

5/8

6
6
6

7-L

11 KV HORIZONTAL SINGLE DEAD END ASSEMBLY 7-L

(WOODEN CROSS ARM) FOR LATTICE STEEL POLE.
This 11 KV assembly is used on terminal pole or dead end pole with double
X-ARM (Wooden).
S#

DESCRIPTION

QUANTITY

Wood Cross Arm 4x5x8-0

Cross Arm Brace 1 x 1 x 28

11 KV Disc Insulator 10 Dia Clevis eye

Type

Dead end Clamp

Eye Nut 5/8

M.S. Bolt

3/8 x 6

M.S. Bolt

5/8 x 2

Double Arming Bolt 5/8x20

Round Washer 1 Dia 7/16 Hole

10

Square Washer 2 x 2, 11/16

Hole

10

8-L
11 KV HORIZONTAL SINGLE DEAD END ASSEMBLY 8-L
(STEEL CROSS ARM) FOR LATTICE STEEL POLE.
This 11 KV single line dead end assembly is used on terminal pole or dead
end pole with single steel X-ARM.
S#

DESCRIPTION

QUANTITY

Lattice Steel Cross Arm

M.S. Bolt

5/8 x 2

11 KV Disc Insulator 10 Dia Clevis eye

Type

Dead end Clamp

Anchor Shakle

Cross Arm Brace 1 x 1 x 28

M.S. Bolt

3/8 x 2

M.S. Bolt

5/8 x 2

10-L

11 KV HORIZONTAL DOUBLE DEAD END ASSEMBLY 10-L

(WOODEN CROSS ARM) FOR LATTICE STEEL POLE
This assembly is used for double 11 KV dead ends for making section
between 11 KV lines and for slight angles.
S#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

DESCRIPTION
Wood Cross Arm
4x5x8-0
Cross Arm Brace 1 x x 28
11 KV Disc Insulator 10 Dia Clevis eye
Type
11 KV Pin Type Insulator
Insulator Pin
Dead End Clamp
P G Clamp two bolt type
Eye Nut 5/8
M.S. Bolt
3/8 x 6
M.S. Bolt
5/8 x 2
Double Arming Bolt 5/8 x 20
Round Washer 1 Dia 7/16 Hole
Square Washer 2 x 2, 11/16 Hole
Anchor Shakle

QUANTITY
2
4
6
3
3
6
3
6
4
2
3
4
10
6

15-L
11 KV OFFSET SINGLE CROSS ARM ASSEMBLY 15-L FOR
LATTICE STEEL POLE.
This Assembly is used on 11 KV running lines with Single X-Arm and single step brace.
This Assembly is used for narrow streets with slight angles and where clearance is required from
buildings.
S#
1

APPLICATION TABLE
CONDUCTO LINE
R
ANGLES
Gopher
0 to 10
Rabbit
0 to 05
Dog
0 to 03

NOTE:USE FOR RUNNING 11 KV LINES IN

NARROW STREETS, WHERE HORIZONTAL
CLEARANCE FROM BUILDING IS REQUIRED.
SUITABLE FOR SLIGHT ANGES.

DESCRIPTION
Wood Cross Arm

4x5x8-0

QUANTITY
1

Cross Arm Step Brace 1 x 3-16 x

7-0

11 KV Pin Type Insulator

Insulator Pin

M.S. Bolt

1/2 x 2

M.S. Bolt

1/2 x 6

M.S. Bolt

5/8 x 14

Round Washer 1 Dia 9/16 Hole

Square Washer 2 x 2, 11/16

Hole

16-L
11 KV OFFSET DOUBLE CROSS ARM ASSEMBLY 16-L FOR
LATTICE STEEL POLE.
This assembly is used on 11 KV running lines with double cross arm.
This assembly is used for narrow streets and medium angled where clearance is
QUANTIT
S#
DESCRIPTION
Y
required from buildings.
1

USE IN NARROW STREETS, WITH MEDIUM

ANGLES FOR ON ROAD CROSSINGS.

3
4

Insulator Pin

M.S. Bolt

1/2 x 2

M.S. Bolt

1/2 x 6

M.S. Bolt

5/8 x 18

Double Arming Bolt

Round Washer 1 Dia 9/16 Hole

Square Washer 2 x 2 , 11/16
Hole

10

NOTE:-

4x5x8-0

Cross Arm Step Brace 1 x 3/16

x 7-0
11 KV Pin Type Insulator

APPLICATION TABLE
CONDUCTO LINE
R
ANGLES
Gopher
0 to 20
Rabbit
0 to 15
Dog
0 to 05

Wood Cross Arm

2
6
6

5/8 x 20

1
2
6

20-L
11 KV CROSS OVER AND TAP ASSEMBLY 20-L FOR
LATTICE STEEL POLE.
This assembly is used for crossing of two 11 KV lines with each others upper & lower positions
S#

DESCRIPTION
4x5x8-0

QUANTITY

Wood Cross Arm

Cross Arm Brace 1 x x 28

2
4

11 KV Pin Type Insulator

Insulator Pin

M.S. Bolt

3/8 x 6

M.S. Bolt

5/8 x 2

M.S. Bolt

5/8 x 14

Round Washer 1 Dia 7/16 Hole

Square Washer 2 x 2 , 11/16 Hole

10

P G Clamp Two Bolt Type

11

M S Bolt 5/8 x 2

21-L
11 KV CROSS OVER AND TAP ASSEMBLY 21-L (FOR EXISTING LINE)
FOR LATTICE STEEL POLE
This assembly is used for crossing of new 11 KV line under the existing 11 KV line on the same
structure.
S#

DESCRIPTION

QUANTITY

Wood Cross Arm

4x5x80
Cross Arm Brace 1 x x 28

11 KV Pin Type Insulator

Insulator Pin

M.S. Bolt

3/8 x 6

M.S. Bolt

5/8 x 2

M.S. Bolt

5/8 x 14

Round Washer 1 Dia 7/16 Hole

Square Washer 2 x 2 , 11/16
Hole
P G Clamp Two Bolt Type

9
10

1
2

2
1
6

22-L

11 KV T-OFF ASSEMBLY 22-L FOR LATTICE STEEL POLE.

This assembly is used for 11 KV T-Off from straight 11 KV line on the same structure.
S#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

DESCRIPTION
Wood Cross Arm
4x5x8-0
Cross Arm Brace 1 x x 28
11 KV Disc Insulator 10 Dia Clevis Eye
Type
11 KV Pin Type Insulator
Insulator Pin
Dead End Clamp
P G Clamp two bolt type
Eye Nut 5/8
M.S. Bolt
3/8 x 6
M.S. Bolt
1/2 x 2
M.S. Bolt
5/8 x 14
Double Arming Bolt 5/8 x 20
Round Washer 1 Dia 7/16 Hole
Square Washer 2 x 2 , 11/16 Hole
Anchor Shakle
M. S. Bolt

5/8x2

QUANTITY
3
6
3
4
4
3
3
3
6
4
1
3
6
11
3
1

23-L

11 KV T-OFF ASSEMBLY 23-L (FOR EXISTING LINE) FOR

LATTICE STEEL POLE.
This assembly is used for new T-Off line from existing 11 KV line.
S#

DESCRIPTION

Wood Cross Arm

Cross Arm Brace 1 x x 28

11 KV Disc Insulator 10 Dia Clevis Eye
Type
11 KV Pin Type Insulator

Insulator Pin

Dead End Clamp

P G Clamp two bolt type

Eye Nut 5/8

M.S. Bolt

3/8 x 6

10

M.S. Bolt

1/2 x 2

4x5x8-0

QUANTITY
2

3
1

11

Double Arming Bolt 5/8 x 20

12

Round Washer 1 Dia 7/16 Hole

13

Square Washer 2 x 2 , 11/16 Hole

10

14

Anchor Shakle

40-L
11 KV AND 400 VOLT COMPOSITE IN LINE ASSEMBLY 40-L FOR
LATTICE STEEL POLE.

This assembly is used for straight 11 KV line with LT composite line on single
QUANTIT
cross arm.
S#
DESCRIPTION
Y
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

Wood Cross Arm

4x5x8-0

Cross Arm Brace 1 x x 28

11 KV Pin Type Insulator
Insulator Pin
M.S. Bolt
3/8 x 6
M.S. Bolt
5/8 x 2
M. S. Bolt
5/8 x 14
Round Washer 1 Dia 7/16 Hole
Square Washer 2 x 2 , 11/16
Hole
D-Shackle
Spool Insulator
M. S. Bolt
5/8 x 1
Mild Steel Pin, Cotter Pin

1
2
3
3
2
1
1
2
1
4
4
4
4

41-L
11 KV AND 400 VOLT COMPOSITE SMALL ANGLE ASSEMBLY 41-L
FOR LATTICE STEEL POLE
This assembly is used on angled 11 KV running line with LT composite line.
S#
1

DESCRIPTION
Wood Cross Arm
4x5x8-0

QUANTITY
2

Cross Arm Brace 1 x x 28

11 KV Pin Type Insulator

Insulator Pin

M.S. Bolt

3/8 x 6

M.S. Bolt

5/8 x 2

M. S. Bolt

5/8 x 18

10

10

Round Washer 1 Dia 7/16 Hole

Square Washer 2 x 2 , 11/16
Hole
D-Shackle

11

Spool Insulator

12

M. S. Bolt

13

Double Arming Bolt 5/8 x 20

14

Mild Steel Pin, Cotter Pin

5/8 x 1

4
4

42-L

11 KV AND 400 VOLT COMPOSITE DEAD END

ASSEMBLY 42-L.
This assembly is used on 11 KV line & LT composite line for single structure dead end
S#

DESCRIPTION

Wood Cross Arm

Cross Arm Brace 1 x x 28

11 KV Disc Type Insulator 10 Dia Clevis
Eye Type
Dead end clump

Eye Nut 5/8

M.S. Bolt

3/8 x 6

M. S. Bolt

5/8 x 2

Double Arming Bolt 5/8 x 20

Round Washer 1 Dia 7/16 Hole

10

Square Washer 2 x 2 , 11/16 Hole

10
4

4x5x8-0

QUANTITY

5/8 x 1

3
3

11

M. S. Bolt

12

D-Shackle

13

Spool Insulator

14

Mild Steel Pin, Cotter Pin

SKETCH SHOWING TRANSPOSITION CENTRAL PHASE

OF 11KV LINE FOR OBTAINING MACHANICAL
BALANCE.
CROSS ARM 8X5X4

NOTES:
USE SIDE GROOVES OF PIN INSULATORS FOR
THE MIDDLE INSULATOR AND TOP GROOVES
FOR
TWO
OUTER
CONDUCTORS.
THE
TRANSPORTATION OF CENTRAL PHASE PROVIDES
THE ADDITION OF MECHANICAL BALANCE AS
WELL AS INCREASE OF CLEARANCE BETWEEN
CONDUCTORS AT THE MID SPAN.

LT T-OFF ASSEMBLY

a. LT T-off at Intermediate LT
Pole

i)

T-Off on the Side

of Running
Conductor

I.

T-Off opposite the

Side of Running
Conductor

B. LT T-off at Intermediate Dead

End Point

60

SPOOL INSULATOR ASSEMBLY FOR LT L

ELEVATION

ELEVATION

Plan
L.T STRAIGHT LINE &
ANGLE.

No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Plan
L.T DEAD
Description
END.

MS Bolt, Nut 3/8 Dia, 6 Long

MS Bolt, Nut 3/8 Dia, 12 Long
Split Cutter Pin
MS Pin
Spool Insulator
Aluminum Tie Wire
D-Shakle
Aluminum Tape
U Bolt Clip
LT Conductor

DWG No.
6W/DF-35
6W/DF-34
6W/DF-30
6W/DF-13
-

61

STRAIN INSULATOR ASSEMBLY FOR LT

ELEVATION

Plan
LT Dead End. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Description
MS Bolt, Nut 5/8 Dia, 6 Long
MS Bolt, Nut 5/8 Dia, 12 Long
Eye Nut
Thimble
Guy Wire 7/10 SWG: 45 Ton GLTY
Strain Insulator
Aluminum Tape
U Bolt Clip
LT Conductor
Parallel Groove Clamp

DWG No.
6W/DF-36
6W/DF-37
6W/DF-31
-

62

MINIMUM CLEARANCE FOR OVERHEAD LINES

Sr.
No.
1

MINIMUM
CLEARANCE
1
FROM GROUND
IN FEET/MM

LINE VOLTAGE
400V 11KV 33KV 66KV 132KV 220KV
3
4
5
6
7
8

Description
2
ACROSS A STREET OR
INTARSECTION OR ROAD

19/
5791

20/
6096

20/
6096

26/
7923

26/
7925

26/
7925

ALONG A STREET

17/
5182

20/
6096

20/
6096

ACROSS PRIVATE
PROPERTY AND CROSS
COUNTRY

15/
4572

15/
4572

13/
4572

20/
6096

22/
6706

23/
7010

08/
2438

12/
3658

12/
3658

30/
9144
15/
4572

30/
9144
17/
5182

30/
9144
20/
6096

04/
1219

06/
1829

06/
1829

15/
4572

20/
6096

25/
7620

INSIDE STATION 31.5/

33/
34/
35/
36/
LIMITS
9601
10058
10363
10668
10973
FROM RAILWAY TRACK OF
5' - 6'' GUAGE
OUTSIDE
23.5/
25/
26/
27/
28/
STATION LIMITS 7163 7620 7925 8230
5434

37/
11278

INSIDE STATION 28.5/

LIMITS
8687
FROM RAILWAY TRACK OF
2' -6'' GUAGE
OUTSIDE
20.5/
STATION LIMITS 6243

OVER RIVERS & MAJOR

CANAL
VERTICAL CLEARANCE
OVER ROOFS ETC

MINIMUM
CLEARANCE
2
FROM BUILDING HORIZONTAL CLEARANCE
FROM WALLS END PARTS
IN FEET/MM
OF A BUILDING

MINIMUM
CLEARANCE
3 FROM RAILWAY
INSTALLATIONS
FT/MM

(IN FEET/MILIMETERS)

FROM RAILWAY POWER

LINE OR OTHER RAILWAY
STRUCTURES

10.5/
3200

29/
8839

30/
9144

31/
9449

32/
9754

33/
10058

34/
10363

22/
6706

23/
7010

24/
7315

25/
7620

26/
7925

10.5/
3200

10.5/
3200

10.5/
3200

12.5/
3810

13.5/
4115

63

64

MINIMUM CLEARANCE FOR OVERHEAD LINES

Sr.
No.

Description

Miscellaneous
Clearance
between Circuits,
7
Conductor or
Objects Not
Covered above.

(IN FEET/MILIMETERS)
LINE VOLTAGE
400V

11KV

33KV

66KV

132KV

220KV

a.

Clearance between insulated service and open telegraph line.

2'/610 mm

b.

Clearance between 11 KV Line and open telegraph Line.

1'/305 mm

c.

Clearance between open telegraph Line & Cable communication.

2'/610 mm

d.

Clearance between street light brackets & 400 Lines or telegraph line.

1'/305 mm

e.

Clearance between guy wire at pole attachment & open telegraph line

2'/610 mm

f.

Clearance between guy wire at poles attachment & 400V Line or Cable

0.25'/76 mm

g.

Clearance between guy wire at pole attachment & 11KV Line or Cable

0.75'/229 mm

For Lines of 66KV and above generally two circuits will be mounted on the same pole and will
be in vertical formation. At these voltage circuits of different voltages are not to be installed on the same
poles. The horizontal clearance for circuit of the same voltage are given at Sr. No.05. These are preferred
design values for the conductors now used and spans of 900 ft. and 1200 ft. for 66KV, 132KV Lines
respectively. For other spans or heavy conductors the clearances may have to be changed.
65

PERMISSIBLE VOLTAGE VARIATION

Urban
Description

Rural

% V.D

AEL (%)

% V.D

AEL (%)

HT

03

2.5

05

3.5

Distribution
T/Former

04

3.5

04

3.5

LT

03

2.5

03

2.5

Cable

01

0.5

01

0.5

Total:-

11

13

10
66

AAC (All Aluminum Conductor)

NAME

AMPERE

NO. of strands/Size

Gnat
Ant
Wasp
Hornet
Chafer

130
200
315
410
500

7/0.087
7/0.122
7/0.173
19/0.128
19/0.149

ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced)

NAME

AMPERE

NO. of strands/Size

Gopher
Rabbit

150
205

6/1 (A/S)
6/1 (A/S)

Dog

300

6/0.186 (A)

Lynex
Panther
Ospray

470
510
660

30/7 (A/S)
30/7 (A/S)
18/1 (A/S)

7/0.093
7/0.132
7/0.062
(S)
0.11
0.118
0.176

67

SELECTION OF PROPER CONNECTORS

Main Conductor and Dia Range Tap Conductor and Dia Range
Gopher, Rabbit, Gnat, Ant
Cabels 19/.052, 19/.083
(6-11 mm)
Rabbit, Dog, Ant , Wasp
Cabels 19/.083, 37/.083
(9-15 mm)
Gopher, Rabbit, Gnat, Ant
Cabels 19/.052, 19/.083
(6-11 mm)
Rabbit, Dog, Ant , Wasp
Cabels 19/.083, 37/.083
(9-15 mm)
Rabbit, Dog, Ant , Wasp
Cabels 19/.083, 37/.083
(9-15 mm)
Osprey, Panther

Gopher, Gnat
Cabels 7/.052, 19/.052
(3.5-7.5 mm)
Gopher , Gnat
Cabels 7/.052, 19/.052
(3.5-7.5 mm)
Gopher, Rabbit, Gnat, Ant
Cabels 19/.052, 19/.083
(6-11 mm)
Rabbit, Dog, Gnat, Ant
Cabels 19/.052, 19/.083
(6-11 mm)
Rabbit, Dog, Ant , Wasp
Cabels 19/.083, 37/.083
(9-15 mm)
Osprey, Panther

Connector No.
S 117
S 157

T 110

T 155
T 150
T 220

Earthing means connecting the dead part (it means the part which does
not carries current under normal condition) to the earth for example
electrical equipments frames, enclosures, supports etc.
The purpose of earthing is to minimize risk of receiving an electric shock
if touching metal parts when a fault is present. Generally green wire is
used for this as a nomenclature.
Earthing is to ensure safety or Protectionof electrical
equipment and Humanby discharging the electrical energy to
the earth.
Grounding:
Grounding means connecting the live part (it means the part which
carries current under normal condition) to the earth for example neutral
of power transformer.
Grounding is done for the protections of power system equipment and
to provide an effective return path. For example grounding of neutral
point of a star connected transformer.
Generally Black wire is used for this as a nomenclature.
Earthing is more commonly used in Britain, European and most of the
commonwealth countries standards (IEC, IS), while Grounding is the word
used in North American standards (NEC, IEEE, ANSI, UL).
But in both above case Earthing and Grounding are used for the same
Purpose
There is no major difference between earthing and Grounding, both
69
meansConnecting an electrical circuit or device to the
69
Earth.This serves various purposes like to drain away unwanted