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Abundance in Bakersfield, CA
Joshua Clark1, Stacey Hughes2, Don R. Blake2, Rafe Day2
1
Flight 2
Methane
Gas Chromatography
Flame Ionization Detector (FID)
Injector
Integrator
FID
Column
Oven
Alkyl Nitrates
RONO2
Indirect production
(1) RH + OH R + H2O
(2) R + O2 RO2
(3a) RO2+ NO RO + NO2
(3b) RO2+ NO RONO2
Motivation
Isopropyl Nitrate
<<Bakersfield
2 Pentyl Nitrate
<<Bakersfield
<<Bakersfield
<<Bakersfield
Goals
Why is the abundance as great, if not
greater, at higher altitudes?
Where are the alkyl nitrates coming from?
What is the primary source?
<<Bakersfield
<<Bakersfield
<<Bakersfield
HYSPLIT Backward
Trajectory
Tracer
Gas
Mean
(pptv)
Max (pptv)
Bakersfield
(pptv)
Marine
Carbonyl
Sulfide
541
750
518
Marine
Methyl
Bromide
7.8
145
7.1
Marine/Dairy
Dimethyl
Sulfide
2.5
107
0.9
Dairy
Ethanol
696
37150
832
Alkane Presence
Lifetime
2 Pentyl Nitrate
Min lifetime
(Hr)
Max
lifetime(Hr)
Mean
lifetime( Hr)
8.5
31
19.5
Source Determination
Source Determination
Source Determination
Source Determination
Source Determination
Conclusions
The samples were collected in a well mixed
boundary layer
Air is being trapped in Bakersfield by the
Sierra Nevada
Some of the trapped air came from outside
sources, but a majority was local, urban
pollution
Bakersfield both traps and produces alkanes
judging by the air mass lifetimes
Future Work
Collect and analyze whole air samples via
airborne and ground cans in Bakersfield and
in the Central Valley
Improve the air quality of Bakersfield
Positive matrix factorization (PMF) to
determine source percentage
Acknowledgments
Don R. Blake, Ph. D.
Stacey Hughes, Ph. D. candidate
Rowland-Blake Lab
Rafe Day
WAS group
Jessie Sagona, Ph. D.
Emily Schaller, Ph. D.
NSERC
Questions?