Wireless Intelligent Network

(WIN)
Tutorial

What is the Wireless

Intelligent Network (WIN)?
The extension of wireline Intelligent Network(IN)
concepts to IS-41 based wireless network
An architecture that separates the service logic and/or
feature functionality from the wireless network switch
and places that functionality in other platforms in the
network
The specific work of the Telecommunications Industry
Associations (TIA) WIN Task Group(TR- 45.2.2.4)

What is IS-41?

HLR

MSC

MSC
Wireless Operator in U.S.

PSTN

HLR

MSC

MSC

Wireless Operator in Latin America

IS-41 Intersystem Operations

MSC

MS

BS

SME

EIR

MSC

PSTN

AC

HLR

VLR

ISDN

SME

MC

MC

VLR

IS-41 Intersystem Operations

Network Elements

Mobile station(MS)
Base station (BS)
Mobile switching center (MSC)
Home location register (HLR)
Visitor location register (VLR)
Authentication center (AC)
Equipment identity register (EIR)
Message center (MC)
Short message entity (SME)

IS-41 Network Elements

Mobile Station (MS)
The interface equipment used to terminate the radio
path at the user side. The MS provides the user the
capabilities to access network services.

Mobile Switching Center(MSC)

Automatic system which constitutes the interface for
user traffic between the wireless network and other
public switched networks, or other MSCs in the same
or other wireless networks

IS-41 Network Elements

Home Location Register (HLR)
Location register to which a users identity is assigned for
record purposes such as:
Subscriber information
Mobile station information

Provides service control and mobility management for

subscribers
HLR may or may not be located within, and be indistinguishable
from, an MSC
HLR may serve more than one MSC

IS-41 Network Elements

Authentication Center (AC)
Element that manages the authentication
information related to the mobile station
The AC may or may not be located within, and be
indistinguishable from, an HLR

IS-41 Network Elements

Visitor Location Register (VLR)
Location register used by an MSC to retrieve
information for handling calls to or from a visiting
mobile station user
Provides mobility management for subscribers in
visited system
VLR may or may not be located within, and be
indistinguishable from, an MSC
VLR may serve more than one MSC

IS-41 Network Elements

Message Center (MC)
The message center stores and forwards short messages
It may also provide supplementary services for short
message services

Short Message Entity (SME)

The short message entity composes and decomposes
short messages.
An SME may or may not be located within, and be
indistinguishable from, an HLR, MC, VLR, MS or MSC

Driving Forces for WIN

Greater control of wireless network
functionality
Faster feature introduction
Flexibility to choose which features are
developed
Customized services for subscribers
Competitive solutions from multiple vendors

WIN Objectives
Provide capabilities for rapid service
introduction, service creation and service
customization
Service-independent WIN architecture
Compatible with existing wireless network
architecture

WIN Requirements
Flexible distribution of service logic supporting
functions
Wireless service provider can choose a WIN
architecture to match network topology

New WIN-based services must coexist with

existing wireless services
Switch-based services (e.g., call waiting)
Existing HLR based services (e.g., call forwarding)

WIN Requirements
Transparent to subscriber
WIN-based services
Switch-based services
HLR-based services

Seamless services
Home
Roaming

Intelligent Network Service

SCP

3
4

Dials 1-800-333-4444
STP

313-456-6789 Rings

2
5
SSP

7
6

SSP

WIN Concepts
Based on wireline IN concepts
During call processing, switch can detect events
(triggers) at various points where call processing
can be interrupted to request IN processing (e.g., at
origination or completion of dialing)
The switch then queries IN service logic for further
instructions
Service logic can be programmed to provide new
services

IN Architecture Elements

IP

IN signaling

SN

Service

Subscriber

SSP

SCP

SSP

Voice Channel

IN Architecture Elements
Service Switching Point (SSP)
Major function of the SSP is to detect events
during call processing, called triggers, that
indicate an IN call event
After triggering, the SSP suspends call
processing and starts a series of transactions
with the SCP to determine the handling of the call

IN Architecture Elements
Service Control Point (SCP)
Real-time database and transaction processing
system that provides service control and service data
functions
Performs subscriber or application specific service
logic in response to a query from SSP and then sends
back instructions to perform specified functions and
how to continue call processing
Provides mechanisms for introducing new services
and customizing services and features

IN Architecture Elements
Intelligent Peripheral (IP)
Performs specialized resource functions such as:

Playing announcements
Collecting digits
Speech recognition
Recording and storing voice messages
Facsimile services...

Under the control of service logic

IN Architecture Elements
Service Node (SN)
A programmable network node that allows the
service provider to create new circuit related
services
Provides both service logic processing and call
terminations for specialized resource functions
Combines capabilities of SCP and IP

IN Triggers
Call termination triggers
Called party busy
No answer

Call origination triggers

Calling party
Dialed number

Trigger categories
Subscribed (individual subscriber-based)
Office/group

Services Supported by IS-41C

Call delivery
Call forwarding - busy
Call forwarding - default
Call forwarding - no answer
Call forwarding - unconditional
Call transfer
Call waiting
Calling number ID presentation
Calling number ID restriction
Conference calling
Do not disturb
Flexible alerting

Message waiting notification

Mobile access hunting
Password call acceptance
Preferred language
Priority access & channel
assignment
Remote feature control
Selective call acceptance
Subscriber PIN access & intercept
Three-way calling
Voice message retrieval
Voice privacy
Short message services

WIN Architecture of IS-41

IS-41 architecture is a WIN architecture
Mobile switching center (MSC) is a service switching point
Call origination/termination triggers
Queries to service logic for instructions
Specialized resource functions

Home location register (HLR) provides service control,

service data and mobility management functions
Visitor location register (VLR) provides subscriber profile
data and other mobility management functions

WIN Capabilities of IS-41C

Profile (HLR to Serving System)
Profile follows the subscriber
Profile can be updated at any time

Profile contains:
Service profile
Origination triggers
Termination triggers

WIN Capabilities of IS-41C

Service profile (switch based services)
Origination indicator
Type of call originations allowed

Termination restrictions
Type of call terminations allowed

Pre-subscribed long distance carrier

Preferred language indicator

WIN Capabilities of IS-41C

Service profile (switch-based services)
Calling features

Call waiting
Three-way calling
Calling number identification presentation
Calling number identification restriction
Call transfer

WIN Capabilities of IS-41C

Call origination triggers (Serving MSC)
Triggers for specified call origination events

All origination attempts

Local call attempts
Toll call attempts
International call attempts
Dialed numbers with specific number of digits
Dialed numbers beginning with *,**,#,## digits
e.g., dialed international call

WIN Capabilities of IS-41C

Call termination triggers (Serving MSC)
Triggers for specified call termination events

Busy
No page response
No answer
Not reachable
Routing failure

WIN Capabilities of IS-41C

Call termination triggers (originating MSC)
Incoming call to a mobile station
Call redirection

IS-41 Queries to WIN Services

Location request
Originating MSC to HLR
Triggered by calls to mobile stations

Transfer-to-number request
Originating MSC/serving MSC to HLR
Triggered by an event corresponding to
termination Triggers received from HLR

IS-41 Queries to WIN Services

Origination request
Serving MSC to HLR
Triggered by call origination event corresponding
to origination triggers received from the HLR

IS-41 User Interaction Control

Remote user interaction directive
HLR to originating or serving MSC
Controls announcement played and collection of
digits
Subscribed

Feature request
Serving MSC to HLR
Triggered by feature request made by user

Registration Notification
Old Serving System

New Serving System

MSC

MSC
VLR

HLR

MS

VLR
system access
REGNOT
REGNOT
regnot

REGCANC
regcanc

regnot

Call Forwarding - Busy

Originating

Serving

MSC

MSC
HLR

VLR

call origination
LOCREQ[CALLED #]
ROUTREQ[MIN,ESN]
ROUTREQ
routreq[busy]
routreq[busy]
call setup

locreq[CF#]

Selective Call Acceptance

Originating

Serving

MSC

MSC
HLR

call origination
LOCREQ[CALLING#,CALLED #]
locreq[CF#]
call forward

VLR

Subscriber PIN Intercept

Serving System
MSC
mobile call origination

VLR

HLR

ORIGREQ[DIGITS]
play announcement
and collect digits

RUIDIR[ANNLIST, DIGITCC]

ruidir[DIGITS]
origreq[continue]

.
.

Feature Control Request

Serving System
MSC
VLR

HLR

feature access
FEATREQ[DIGITS]
featreq
tone or announcement
QUALDIR[PROFILE]
qualdir

.
.
.

Evolution to WIN
IS-41 architecture and capabilities allow WINoriented services
Vendors have developed new and enhanced services
based on IS-41 intersystem operations
In a multi-vendor environment

Wireless service providers have deployed SCPs in their

networks
HLR functionality
Enhanced services
Customized services

Evolution to WIN

Examples of WIN-based services

Call origination services based on:
Calling party
Location of caller
Dialed number

Call origination service examples:

Virtual network services
Automatic retry on busy

Evolution to WIN
Examples of WIN-based services
Call terminating services based on:

Incoming call information (e.g. calling party)

Mobile station location and status (e.g., busy)
Mobiles response to incoming call (e.g, no answer)
Time of day
...

Call terminating service examples:

Enhanced call screening
Enhanced call forwarding

Evolution to WIN
Examples of WIN-based services
Non-call-related services based on:
Mobile station location
Mobile station status

Non-call-related service example:

Location tracking

Current WIN Standards Work

Add SCP, IP and SN elements to IS-41 network
Use existing IS-41 signaling network (SS7)
Use existing voice channel interconnections
Build on existing intersystem operations for
interactions with SCP and IP
IP supports broader range of resource functions than
currently specified for IS-41
MSCs can interact directly with SCP service logic

WIN Architecture

MSC

MS

IP

HLR

SCP

SCP

BS

SN

IP

MSC

PSTN

EIR

AC

HLR

VLR

SME

SME

MC

MC

ISDN

VLR

Current WIN Standards Work

WIN network element interactions
MSC to/from HLR/SCP/IP/SN
HLR to/from SCP/IP/SN
SCP to/from SCP/IP/SN

Distribution of service control logic across

multiple network elements (HLR, SCPs,
SNs)

MSC Call Processing

MSC call processing model
Basic call state models (BCSMs)
Originating call model
Terminating call model

Points in call (PICs)

Detection points (DPs)
PIC to DP transitions
Based on ITU-T Q.1244 recommendations for CS-2

Originating BCSM

.
.
.

Collected_Information DP
invalid_information
Analyze_Information
Analyzed_Information DP
Select_Route
Route_Select_Failure DP

route_failure
Authorize_Call_Setup

authorize_route_failure
O_Called_Party_Busy DP

Send_Call
O_Mid_Call DP
O_Term_Seized DP

.
.
.

Terminating BCSM

.
.
.

Termination_Attempt_DP
termination_denied
Authorize_Termination_Attempt
Termination_Attempt_Authorized DP

T_Busy DP

Select_Facility
SS7_failure

Facility_Selected_and_Available DP
Present_Call

presentation_failure

Call_Accepted DP
T_Alerting

.
.
.

T_No_Answer DP
call_rejected

Distributed Functional Plane

WIN functional architecture
Functional entities

Call control function (CCF)

Service switching function (SSF)
Service control function (SCF)
Service data function (SDF)
Specialized resource function (SRF)
Radio access control function (RACF)
Radio control function (RCF)

Distributed Functional Plane

SMAF

SMF

SCEF

to any FE
SDF

SCF

SCF

LRF

SRF

SSF
CCF

CCF

LRF
ACF

ACF

RACF

RCF

RACF

RTF

Feature and Service Interaction

Management
Feature and service interaction management
Services for single subscriber can be distributed
across multiple network elements that provide
service control
Have to manage:

Feature precedence
Feature interaction
Feature data
Feature control

Feature and Service Interaction

Management

SCF
FSLP i

FSLP j

SIM

FIM

SSF/CCF

SBSL i
SBSL j
BCM

SCF
FSLP k

FSLP x

FSLP y

SIM

FSLP z

WIN IS-41 Operations

Map existing IS-41C triggers to WIN DPs
Adding new call processing triggers and
trigger destinations for WIN

WIN IS-41 Operations

New IS-41 operations
Seize resource
HLR/SCP to IP (SCF to SRF)

Connect resource
HLR/SCP/SN to MSC (SCF to SSF)

Instruction requested
IP to HLR/SCP (SRF to SCF)

Disconnect resource
HLR/SCP/SN to MSC (SCF to SSF)

WIN IS-41 Operations

New IS-41 operations
Reset timer
HLR/SCP/SN to MSC (SCF to SSF)

Search
HLR/SCP/SN to HLR/SCP/SN (SCF to SDF)

Modify
HLR/SCP/SN to HLR/SCP/SN (SCF to SDF)

Service request
HLR/SCP/SN to HLR/SCP/SN (SCF to SCF)

WIN IS-41 Operations

New IS-41 operations

Termination request
MSC to HLR/SCP/SN (SSF to SCF)

New IS-41 parameters

Network reference model
Stage 2 descriptions
Stage 3 descriptions

WIN Services
New WIN-based features
Calling name identification presentation
Incoming call screening
Voice controlled services

Voice-controlled feature activation and control

Voice-controlled dialing
Voice-based user authentication
Speech to text conversion (short message creation)

Calling Name Identification

Presentation
Displays the name of the calling party on the
called partys terminal. The calling party
name information is derived from the calling
number information (CNI) which is generally
provided to the terminating network as part
of basic call setup.

Calling Name Identification

Presentation
Originating System
MSC

Serving System
HLR

VLR

MSC

SCP

LOCREQ[CNIDigits]
ROUTEREQ[MIN,CNIdigits]
ROUTEREQ[MIN,CNIdigits]

routereq[TLDN]
routereq[TLDN]
locreq[TERMLIST]
call setup
TERMREQ
termreq[ACTCODE,DISTEXT]
alert(CNAP info)
call answer

MS

Incoming Call Screening - ICS

ICS is an enhanced service which provides
the capability of routing or blocking of
incoming calls to a subscriber. The ICS
service logic resides on the SCP which
screens the call based on screening factors
(e.g., CLID, serving MSC) and selects one of
many possible terminating actions (e.g.,
forward call to message center).

Incoming Call Screening

Originating System
MSC

HLR

SCP

call origination
LOCREQ[DGTSDIAL,CNIdigits]
SERVREQ[DGTSDIAL,SRVLIST,CNIdigits]
servreq[TERMACT,TERMLIST]
locreq[TERMLIST]
call setup to VMS

Voice Controlled Feature Control

Allows the mobile subscriber to control

features (e.g., CFU, CFB, MWI) by using
voice commands. The subscriber dials a star
code (e.g., *33) associated with an origination
trigger for the service. The call is routed to an
automatic speech recognition device that
prompts the caller for feature control
information and carries out the request.

Voice Controlled Feature Control

Serving System
MSC

VLR

SN

HLR

call origination
ORREQ
CONNECTRESOURCE
call setup
prompt for feature control
collect feature control

FEATREQ
featreq
QUALDIR

QUALDIR
qualdir

qualdir

announce feature control success

orreq[ACTCODE]
clear call

Future WIN Standards Work

International standards
Mobility and radio access triggers
Add wireline equivalent IN call processing
triggers
Wireless/wireline integration