Analog Chebyshev Elliptic

Digital Signal
Processing
EEE & ECE Department
BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad campus
August 9, 2016
Digital Signal Processing
11
22
H
Haa((jj
))
11 CC

p
p
22
August 9, 2016
22
NN
where CN() is the Chebyshev

Polynomial of order N
11
cos(
N
cos
),
1
cos(
N
cos
),
CCNN

11
cosh(
N
cosh
cosh( N cosh
))
11
where
where

pp
August 9, 2016
For
For
11
11
CCNN
cos(
N
cos
cos( N cos
))
IfIf NN 00
CC00
cos(
cos(00)) 11
11
IfIf NN 11
C
cos(cos
C11 cos(cos
))
Obtain for different values of N

different Chebyshev
Polynomials, CN()
August 9, 2016
General Method for obtaining

Chebyshev Polynomials
We
have
11
CCNN
cos(
N
cos
cos( N cos
))
11
Let
cos
Let cos
xx
cos
cosxx
Therefore
Therefore CCNN
cos(
cos(NN cos
cos
))
cos(
cos(Nx
Nx))
11
August 9, 2016
From trigonometric
relations
CCNN11((
))cos
cos((NN 11))xx cos
cosNx
Nxcos
cosxxsin
sinNx
Nxsin
sinxx ((11))
and
and
CCNN11((
))cos
cos((NN 11))xx cos
cosNx
Nxcos
cosxxsin
sinNx
Nxsin
sinxx ((22))
Add (1) &

(2)
cos
cosNN 11xxcos(
cos(NN 11))xx 22cos
cosNx
Nxcos
cosxx
22CCNN((
))
22
CCNN((
))
August 9, 2016
cos
cosNN 11xxcos(
cos(NN 11))xx 22CCNN((
))
22
CCNN((
))
CCNN11((
))CCNN11((
)) 22CCNN((
))
22
CCNN((
))
CCNN11((
)) 22
CCNN((
))CCNN11((
))
Recurrence Relation
August 9, 2016
We
have
CC00
11
&
CC11

Now, we will find out other

polynomials
August 9, 2016
CCNN11((
)) 22
CCNN((
))CCNN11((
))
Substitute N=1 in the

below eqn.
IfIf NN 11
CC22((
)) 22
CC11((
))CC00((
))
22
CC22
2() 1 2 11
August 9, 2016
As the
relationship
CCNN11((
)) 22
CCNN((
))CCNN11((
))
is recursive, we can
generate any order of
polynomial
Generate C3() and
C4()
August 9, 2016
10
CCNN11((
)) 22
CCNN((
))CCNN11((
))
Substitute N=2 in the

below eqn.
CC33((
)) 22
CC22((
))CC11((
))
CC33((
)) 22
22
11
22
CC33((
)) 44
33
33
August 9, 2016
11
CCNN11((
)) 22
CCNN((
))CCNN11((
))
CC44((
)) 22
CC33((
))CC22((
))
33
22
22
4
4 3 2 11
44
22
22
88
6 2 11
44
22
88
8 11
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12
CC00
11
N=0,
even
N=1,
CC11

0dd
22
N=2,
CC22
1
2 1
even
33
CC33((
)
) 4 33
N=3,
odd
44
22
CC44((
)
) 8 8 11
August 9, 2016
Plot CN() vs ,
for N =1, 2 and 3
N=4,
even
13
Plotting of
Polynomials
CCN (
)
N ()
11
11
00
11
11
Note : Equal
Amplitudes
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14
Plotting of
Polynomials
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15
Magnitude
Values
11
2
2
HHa ((j
)
a j)

2 2
2
2
11 CCN
N
pp
CN () takes maximum and minimum

CC graph
11
values from the
= 1 but
2
2
N
N
22
22
Hence
the
maximum
value
of
C
1
and
minimum
value
of
C
Hence the maximum value of CNN 1 and minimum value of CNN 00
August 9, 2016
(From the
graph)
17
Chebyshev
Type I
August 9, 2016
18
22
At
C
At pp CNN((11))11 for
for NN even
even((or
or))odd
odd
11
HHaa((jj
((irrespeciv
ee of
order
,,NN))
))p
irrespeciv
of
order
p
1122
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19
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20
Finding the order of the

filter expression N
11
H
2
Haa((jj
ss))
2
A
1122CCN2N2 ss

p
p
22
11
11
cos(
N
cos
cos( N cos
),),
11
CCNN

11
N
cosh
) 1
cosh(
cosh( N cosh ) 1
August 9, 2016
21
Note
:
August 9, 2016
11
22
cosh
(
y
)
ln
y
y
cosh ( y ) ln y y 11
22
Problem
Chebyshev
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23
Note
: 1
22
1( y ) ln y
cosh
y
cosh ( y ) ln y y 11
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24
Solution
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25
Butterworth
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26
Problem
Find the expression for 3 dB
cutoff frequency
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27
11
11
11
2
2
HHa ((j
)
1 22 2
a j )
1
1122CCN22 33dBdB
N
pp
3dB
1 C
2
p
2
2
N
3dB
1
C
2
p
2
N
August 9, 2016
28
3dB
1
CN

p
cosh
3dB
N cosh
1
1 3 dB
cosh N cosh
August 9, 2016
29
1
1
cosh 1 cosh 1 3dB

N

p
1
3dB
1 1
cosh
cosh
p

N
3dB
August 9, 2016
1
1 1
p cosh
cosh

N
30
Chebyshev
Polynomial
1
1
HHaa((jj
)
22 22
11 CCNN
22
pp
IfIf N
Nisisodd,
odd,
H
Haa((ss))
cc
NN
pp oo
NN11 //22
ss cc
pp oo
August 9, 2016
((NN11))//22
c
ll11
ll
ss aall
cc
ppss
l 1
l 1
22
22
pp ll
31
Chebyshev
Polynomial
If
If N
Nis
is even,
even,
NN//22
11
c

cll
22
11
ll11
NN
pp
H
Haa((ss)) NN //22
22
22
ss aall
ppss
ppccll
l 1
l 1
August 9, 2016
32
where,
where, ccoo yynn
aall
22ll --11
2y
2y sin
sin
nn
22N
N
ccll yy cos
cos
22
nn
August 9, 2016
22
22ll --11
22N
N
33
11/ /NN
11/ /NN

11
11 11
11 11
where,
where,yynn 11 22 11 22
22

August 9, 2016
34
Chebyshev Type 2
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35
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36
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37
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39
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40
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42
Bessel
Filters
Linear Phase
Approximation
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43
Zero -phase
Filters
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44
Linear -phase
Filters
August 9, 2016
45
Non-Linear -phase
Filters
August 9, 2016
46
Magnitude
Response
August 9, 2016
47
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48
Frequency
Transformation
August 9, 2016
50
August 9, 2016
51
Analog Lowpass Filter

Design
N
Normalized,
ormalized, ss
D
Denormalize
enormalized,
d, ss
ss
ss
pp
p
jj
jj

pp
p
((
pp 11))
August 9, 2016
52
Transfer Function for

N =1
11
H
Haa(s)
(s)
ss11
H
Haa(s)
(s)
((Normalized
Normalized Filter
Filter
cc 11))
11
ss
11
pp
H
(s)
Haa (s)
ss
((De
Dennormalized
ormalized Filter
Filter))
((De
Dennormalized
ormalized Filter
Filter))
pp
August 9, 2016
53
Analog HighPass
Filter Design
August 9, 2016
54
Analog HighPass
Filter Design
August 9, 2016
55
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56
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57
Butterworth
Polynomial
If
If N
Nis
is odd,
odd,
H
Haa((ss))
sscc
NN11 //22
where,
where, aakk
August 9, 2016
NN
cc
ss aakk
ccss
k 1
k 1
22
22
cc
2k
--11
2k
2sin
2sin
22N
N
58
Analog BandPass
Filter Design
August 9, 2016
59
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60
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71
Problem
(1)An elliptic analog
bandpass filter is to
be designed with the
following specs.
Passband edges at 20 kHz
and 45 kHz
Stopband edges at 15 kHz
and 50 kHz
August 9, 2016
72
(i) What are the new band edges

and the order of the
corresponding analog lowpass
filter ?
(i) What is the order of the
bandpass filter ?
August 9, 2016
73
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74
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76
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80
Analog Bandstop
Filter Design
p
p
ss
p22
p11
ss
pp
22
22
ss
oo
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81
Analog Bandstop
Filter Design
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83
Analog Bandstop
Filter Design
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84
Analog Bandstop
Filter Design
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85
Analog Bandstop
Filter Design
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86
Analog Bandstop
Filter Design
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87
Analog Bandstop
Filter Design
August 9, 2016
88
Analog Bandstop
Filter Design
August 9, 2016
89
Problem 1
(i) What are the band edges and the order of

the corresponding analog lowpass filter ?
(ii) What is the order of the highpass filter ?
August 9, 2016
90
s =1.65
A = 10
= 0.7647
N=3
August 9, 2016
91
Chebyshev
Polynomial
1
1
HHaa((jj
)
22 22
11 CCNN
22
pp
IfIf N
Nisisodd,
odd,
H
Haa((ss))
cc
NN
pp oo
NN11 //22
ss cc
pp oo
August 9, 2016
((NN11))//22
c
ll11
ll
ss aall
cc
ppss
l 1
l 1
22
22
pp ll
92
where,
where, ccoo yynn
aall
22ll --11
2y
2y sin
sin
nn
22N
N
ccll yy cos
cos
22
nn
August 9, 2016
22
22ll --11
22N
N
93
11/ /NN
11/ /NN

11
11 11
11 11
where,
where,yynn 11 22 11 22
22

August 9, 2016
94
Problem 2
A Butterworth analog highpass filter
is to be designed with the following
specifications :
66..55kHz
FF
,
F
kHz, Fss 11..55kHz
kHz,, pp 00..55dB
dB,, ss 40
40dB
dB
pp
(i)What are the band edges and the
order of the
corresponding analog lowpass
filter ?
August 9, 2016
(ii)
What is the
order of the
95
Solution
August 9, 2016
96

Analog Chebyshev Elliptic

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