Past years spm

(a) (i) Individual U

P1

: leads to gastric ulcer // gastritis

P2

: (because) no food in the stomach

P3

: Gastric glands secrete gastric juice

P4

: Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid

P5

: acts/ corrodes on the lining of the stomach wall.

P6

: damage the cells / tissues of the stomach/internal

bleeding/ inflammation

P7

: causing abdominal pain/ nausea/ vomiting

P8

: develop into a hole / wound in stomach

 9(a)(ii)

Individual W

P1

: Bulimia

P2

: maintain body mass// normal body mass

P3

: causes depression// anxiety// stress

P4

: Lacking// imbalance of mineral ions// nutrients

P5

: (serious) damage / injury / inflammation to the digestive

tract/ oesophagus

P6

: purging/ diarrhoea

P7

: causing abdominal pain/ muscle fatigue/ ulcer/

constipation/ dizziness

P8

: Leads to cardiovascular disease/ kidney damage

 P1

: Nasi lemak contains carbohydrate / fats/ cholesterol

P2

: provides energy / building block for complex molecules/

DNA/ RNA/ Glycogen

P3

: Excess carbohydrate cause obesity/ diabetic

P4

: coconut milk in nasi lemak contains cholesterol/ fats/

minerals .

P5

: Fried chicken/egg / ground nuts/ chilli gravy contain

protein/ fat / minerals/vitamin.

P6

: Protein is needed to build new cells / for growth/ cell

division/ repair cells.

P7

: Excess of protein causes gout / kidney failure/liver

Spm 2014 (9) (b)

 P8

: Vitamin is needed for good health// any suitable

function

P9

: Excess of lipid soluble vitamins cause liver

poisoning/ bone damage/ hair loss/ kidney damage.

P10

: Fat provide energy/ insulation/ protect internal

organ/ for water proofing/ built plasma membrane.

P11

: Excess fats cause obesity /cardiovascular

disease

P12

: cucumber contains dietary fibre / water/

vitamin/minerals

P13

: Fibre/ water help in peristalsis movement

 P14

: Prevent constipation / reduce risk of gut cancer / prevent

coronary heart disease

P15

: Water as medium for biochemical reaction / solvent / as

blood plasma

P16

: Minerals needs for good health

(Any

10)

 6(a)

P1 - In the green house the light intensity is maintained

at the optimum level all the times.

P2

- Sufficient light is supplied all the times.

P3

-This will increase the rate of photosynthesis

P4-The

temperature is also maintained at optimum level

which is 15 -25 C

P5-

This is the optimum pH for the enzyme action, thus the

rate of photosynthesis will increase.

P6-

The carbon dioxide is maintained at optimum level which

is 0.1% to increase the rate of photosynthesis.

SPM 2011 (GREEN HOUSE)

 P7

- Pest control can be done all the time by using biological

control.// pest can be controlled because the plants are planted
in an enclosed area.

P8-

the green house protects the plants from bad weather and
strong winds.

P9

sufficient water can be supplied all the time by using the

automatic sprinklers.

P10 P11

fertilisers and nutrients can be supplied all the times.

the rate of photosynthesis is maintained at its maximum

level throughout the year regardless of the changes in the light
intensity/ outside temperature.

Method

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

COOKING- cooking at
high temperature or
boiling at least for 5
minutes

Can kill microorganisms

Prevent bacterial and
fungal decay.

Toxins produced by
bacteria are not always
destroyed.

7 (a) Able to explain what happen during stage I and stage II

F : pituitary gland secrete Luteinising hormone

Stage I

P1 high level of LH in the blood

P2 stimulates ovulation // explanation on ovulation

P3 : secondary oocyte/ ovum is released

STAGE ii

P4 : LH stimulates the development /formation of corpus luteum

P5 : (LH stimulates) corpus luteum to secrete progesterone

( at least 1 point for each stage.

 7(b)(i)

Able to explain the effect of contraceptive pills on

stage I in the ovarian cycle.

P1

: Low level of FSH (in the blood)

P2

: no development of follicle

P3

: Graafian follicle does not form/ develop.

P4

: Less/ no oestrogen secreted by ovary

P5

: Pituitary gland is not/less stimulated

P6

: to secrete (enough) LH

P7

: No ovulation.

(b) (ii) causes

P1 : corpus luteum degenerates / disintegrates / reduced in

size

P2

: ovum/ secondary oocyte not fertilised

EFFECT
P3

: No / low level of progesterone

P4

: Lining of uterus wall/ endometrium disintegrates//mense/

menstruation occurs

P5

: no implantation

P6

: no pregnancy.