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Group Members:
Amir Hany Marcos
Morocco
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DW – Drilling Rigs: History
1970, DPDS
Drilling for oil: 3rd century AD, China Sedco 445
Challenge
Wells are growing in complexity
Reservoir targets are smaller
Answer
Geosteering for the Digital Asset
Exploration Challenge
Areas of Limited Well Control: Gain Reservoir Understanding
Customer Challenge:
•Lower completions costs
•Achieve maximum production
•Control sand
Answer:
•Single Trip Multi-Zone (STMZ™)
Completion Systems
Completions Challenge
Lower Completion Costs: Achieve High Production Rates
Types:
1-Ram Bop
3-Rotary Bop:
* Adequate deck load and deck space should be available to store complete
riser together with drilling tubular, bulk, casing etc.
*Station keeping ability is required that must have considered the rigs
stability characteristics and anticipated operating environments.
* Moon pool facilities to efficiently deploy and launch ROV and related
sub sea equipment.
* A planned Maintenance system to afford quality assurance of all equipment.
* Large variable deck load, deck space, with good transportation capabilities are
to carry and transport all drilling tools and equipment in all work
environments.
* Adequate mud pit and reserve capacity > 5000 bbls recommended.
* Adequate skidding areas and space for simultaneously handling sub sea trees,
sub sea equipment, in addition to normal drilling requirements
Personnel requirements
Use specialists with local area knowledge and experience when considering;
· Continuity and means to ensure the industry experts are available when
required.
Proper scheduling, affording standby rates are means to ensure this.
· Provide adequate training and development for essential personnel, i.e. rig site
training, pre-spud meetings
· Provide a well documented drilling “lessons learned” dossier
· Update dossier as lessons are learned to ensure organisational learning exists
· Provide two sub sea engineers for running/pulling BOP’s / risers, sub sea
equipment
· Provide two mud engineers when drilling top surface and intermediate
sections.
· Provide additional crane drivers, roughnecks and roustabouts during key
operations to ensure operational efficiency can be maintained, safely and
effectively.
Tripping adds up.
Table 2: Trip footage for a deepwater well
the typical distance of pipe to be tripped from a basic deepwater well program. It can be seen
that tripping requires transporting and handling 397,000ft i.e 70 miles! of drilling tubular’s.
Manual handling in certain cases be proved more efficient but somewhere between no and
full automation is felt to result in the most effective, efficient and loss free performance.
Guide line less drilling systems.
In deep water drilling operations, the use of dynamically positioned drilling vessels and guide
lineless drilling systems offer distinct advantages, e.g. reduced operating sequence, equipment requirements,
time and efficiency cost savings.
When using a guide lineless system, the bit is set on the bottom without guidance and the hole for the conductor is drilled.
When running the conductor, observation by ROV camera is used when stabbing the conductor into the hole.
The wellhead on the conductor will not have a PGB installed around it., but is equipped with a specially designed guide funnel (with bulls eyes attached) to
be used both when guiding bits into the wellhead and when installing the BOP stack after having run surface string and high pressure wellhead housing.
The drilling system however to be used by a dynamically
positioned drilling vessel in deepwater should be a
guideline less system. This eliminates the safety risk of
guidelines breaking and becoming entangled in the BOP
stack during critical situations
e.g. an emergency riser disconnect from the BOP in bad
weather situations where a sudden drift-off was imminent
or happened.
2. A semi-submersible rig will have better motion characteristics that may be the preferred alternative. The final
choice of vessel, would rest with the operator and be based on evaluation in each specific case of riser analysis,
station keeping ability and equipment reliability.
- For the successful use of the guide lineless drilling system, an ROV able to operate at the maximum required depth
is recommended.
- The position of the well at seabed must be determined with a fair degree of accuracy before pulling the drill string
out of the 36” hole or wellhead. The marker may be one or more ROV buoys, an acoustic source or a sonar reflector.
If an acoustic/sonar marker is used, a seeker device must be available to be used by the ROV to find the marker.
- A permanent acoustic source should be mounted on the (conductor) wellhead. Additionally a sonar reflector
may also be mounted on the wellhead if the ROV is equipped with a sonar. After the conductor has been set, the
ROV can then locate the wellhead directly, and the markers placed on seabed prior to spud may be retrieved.
- An alternative method to find back to the well without using ROV can be to use an acoustic seeker device that is
sent down along the drill pipe to locate the wellhead. If an acoustic source is placed on seabed at spud location
prior to spudding the well, this seeker device can also be used to locate the 36” hole (prior to running the
conductor).
4. The use of a temporary guide base (TGB) in guide lineless deep water drilling operations is not recommended.