DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY

dr. Pasid Harlisa, SpKK

Department of Dermatology & Venereology
Faculty of Medicine Islamic Sultan Agung
University

Introduction

What is dermatology ?
Dermatology may be defined as
the study of the skin and its diseases or as
the branch of science of the skin
What is venereology ?
Venereology may be defined as
the study of the genital and its diseases
The skin is of major importance in out body-image.
The psychological disturbance induced by skin problems.
Skin diseases not only cause stress or depression, but in
addition, psychological stress from other cause can
exacerbate many skin diseases.

Structure and Function of Skin

Structure of skin
The skin is composed of two distinct
components, from the surface downward:

Epidermis
Dermis

The epidermis is the thinnest component,

varying in thickness from 0.04 mm on the eyelid
to 1,6 mm on the palms; the average thickness
of epidermis for most of its expanse is 0,1 mm.
Thus on simple morphological grounds the
epidermis can be divides into 4 distinct layers:
3

Structure of skin

Stratum
Stratum
Stratum
Stratum

(continuation)

basale or stratum germinativum

spinosum
granulosum
corneum

The term Malpighian layer includes both the basal and spinous.
Other cells resident within the epidermis include melanocytes,
Langerhans cells and Merkel cells.
The Dermis is bounded distally by its junction with the epidermis
and proximally by the subcutaneous fat, contributes 15 20 % of
the total weight of the human body. It varies in thickness from 1
mm on the face to 4 mm on the back and thigh. The dermis is 1540 times thicker than the epidermis, depending on the anatomic
site.

Structure of skin

(continuation)

The dermo-epidermal junction is one of the largest

ephithelio-mesenchymal junction in the body.
It is a highly specialized attachment between the
epidermis and the papilary dermis.
Three different types of epidermal cells:
Basal keratinocyt
Melanocyt
Merkel cells

Human skin are derived from either:

Ectoderm: epidermis, folliculo sebaceus apocrine unit,

eccrine unit, nail.
Mesoderm: melanocyt, nerves, sensory receptor, the
other elements in the skin i.e. Langerhans, macrophage,
mast cell, fibrocytes, blood v, lymph v, muscle, adipocytes.

Structure and Function of Skin

(continuation)

Function of skin
The most obvious function of the skin are to protect the body
by preventing the lost of fluid and the penetration of
undesirable substances or radiation, and by cushioning it
against mechanical shocks.
Equal importance, is the immunological response.
A number of sensations touch, pressure, warmth, cold and
pain are perceived by the skin.
Vitamin D3 is essential for skeletal development. It is
syntesized in the skin as a result of exposure to ultraviolet B
(UVB) radiation. Vitamin D3 is formed, principally in the
stratum spinosum and the stratum basale, from the precursor
7 dehydrocholesterol.

Function of skin

(continuation)

The tissues of the skin are the target for a wide range of
chemical messengers. For example, hair follicles and sebaceous
glands are the targets for androgenic steroids secreted by
gonads and the adrenal cortex, and melanocytes are directly
influence by polypeptide hormones of the pituitary.
Melanocytes are dendritic cells that synthezie and secrete
melanin-containing organelles called melanosome. In human,
there are 2 major classes of integumentary melanin:
Eumelanins
Pheomelanins

The nerves of the skin are part of two major systems:

Somatic

sensory
Autonomic motor
7

Function of skin

(continuation)

The somatic sensory system mediates the sensation of

pain, itch, temperature, light touch, pressure, vibration
and discriminative sensations of touch.
The autonomic motor nerves control cutaneous
vascular tone, pilomotor responses.

Subcutaneuos fat

Typically, the subcutaneous fat in adult shows

differences between the sexes in its gross distribution
and microscopic characteristics.
The gynoid distribution of fat in women causes
prominent curvature of breast, buttocks, hips, anterior
thighs, inner aspect of knees, lower abdomen, and
pubic region.

Subcutaneuos fat

(continuation)

In contrast, the android distribution of fat in men leads

to deposition of adipocytes in the nape of the neck and
the deltoyid and epigastric regions.
In both sexes, certain anatomic sites have relatively
little fat, e.g. the eyelids, ear lobes, scalp, nostrils,
scrotum, penis, clitoris, and dorsa of hands and feet.
Subcutaneous fat has several functions:
deposits of fat act as shock absorbers
Protecting and supporting vital organs
Facilities mobility of skin over structures that underlie
it.
A cosmetic role is contributed by the accentuated
distribution of fat in the sexes.