ACTUAT

ORS
Hydraulic systems are used to control &
transmit power.
A pump driven by prime mover (electric
motor) creates flow of fluid.
An actuator is used to convert the energy
of the fluid back into mechanical power.
Amount of output power developed
depends upon the flow rate, pressure
drop across the actuator & its overall
efficiency

TYPES OF ACTUATORS
Linear
actuator
(hydraulic
cylinder)Provides motion in straight line-Linear
displacement depends on stroke length
(length of actuator)-Usually referred to as
cylinders, rams (single acting cylinders) or
jacks (cylinder used for lifting)
Common Types
Single acting cylinder, Double acting cylinder

Special Types
Plunger or ram, Telescoping, Cable, Diaphragm,
Bellow, Tandem, Duplex,

 Rotary actuators (Hydraulic motors)Produces continuous rotational motionPump shaft is rotated to generate flow, a
motor shaft is causedto rotate by fluid
being forced into the driving chambers
Semi rotary actuators-Produces noncontinuous rotational motion-Limited to
less than one revolution (<360)-Used to
produce oscillatory motions in
mechanisms

SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER

 Produces linear motion in one direction

Consists of cylinder (barrel), piston, pistonrod (ram) & inlet port at piston end or blank
end (other end is known as rod end)
Cylinder is machined to high surface finish
(honing)
Fluid enters through inlet port into piston end
or blank end pressure build up-force
generation on piston-movement of piston
EXTENSION or FORWARD STROKE
RETRACTION or RETURN by compression
spring or under the influence of gravity (only
in case of vertical mounting)

DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDER

 Produces linear motion in two directions

May be single rod ended or double rod ended
Piston is connected to smaller diameter
piston rod
Fluid pressure acts on either side of piston
alternatively
Both sides of piston has oil ports
Parts of double acting cylinder
Fluid enters through left port causing
extension stroke while when it enters through
right port causes retraction stroke, for
present case
For a given pressure double acting cylinder

Cylinder mountings

Cylinder linkages

Universal alignment mounting

accessory
for fluid cylinders

TANDEM CYLINDER

Also known as combination cylinder

Two separate pistons are mounted on same rod
Two double acting cylinders are connected in series
Suitable for higher force (2 cylinders twice force)
generation with smaller cylinders
High volume of oil is required to drive the cylinders

TELESCOPIC CYLINDER

Multiple
cylinders
mounted
concentrically within one another
Suitable for longer strokes with
shorter retraction
Operates on displacement principle
Stop rings limit the movement of each
section
When the cylinder extends, all the
sections move together until the outer
section is prevented from further
extension by its stop ring
Remaining sections continue outstroking until the second outermost
section reaches the limit of its stroke
and so on until all sections are
extended, the innermost one being
last of all
For a given input flow rate, the speed
of operation will increase in steps as
each successive section reaches the

COUSHIONED CYLINDER
End caps (base cap) have to withstand shock
loads (fluid pressure or from kinetic energy of the
moving parts) at extremes of piston travel
Reduction of shock loads with the help of cushion
valves build in end caps
Exhaust fluid flow is unrestricted until plunger
enters the cap
As plunger enters end cap port fluid experiences
blockage, passes through deceleration valve
(adjustable needle valve) which in turn reduces
speed & the end of travel impact
Deceleration valve is adjustable to allow the
deceleration rate to be set
A check valve is included in the end cap to
bypass the deceleration valve & give near full

CYLINDER FORCE, VELOCITY &

POWER

Extension force is
greater than the
retraction force for the
same
operating pressure
Retraction velocity is
greater the
extension velocity for
the same
input flow rate

Power = p
X Qin

ROTARY ACTUATORS
Limited rotation rotary actuator
Rack and pinion drive rotary actuator

Rotary actuator with helical piston and rod

Rotary actuator - Gear motor

Vane motor

Spring loaded vanes