TRANSPORTATI

ON
and
PUBLIC
FACILITIES
PLANNING

TRANSPORTATION
PLANNING

PREAMBLE
One Of the most vital elements of
an urban community is its
transportation system.
Streets, highways, public transit,
airports, and railroads are
essential
Planning for these facilities
involves a comprehensive analysis
of the ability of the transportation

ULTIMAT
E
AIM

to generate
alternatives for
improving
transportation
system to meet

FUNCTION OF
TRANSPORTATION
PLANNING
To identify highway system
component
To define transportation planning
To recall the process and purpose
of construction planning design

IMPORTANCE OF
TRANSPORTATION
PLANNING

Efficiency to achieve efficient management and better

management of existing resources

Effective use of transportation system

Uses of technology
Land use and resource controlling
Quality

To reduce a negative impact to the traffic that

produce a pollution

Equity

to meet travel demand and response for all

communities

Levels of
Transportation
Planning
Transportation
planning
activities can be directed at
a
number
of
different
geographic levels and time
horizons.

1.
REGIONAL
PLANNING

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-aimed at the development

of an overall transportation
system for a large urban
region

2.
SUBREGIONAL
PLANNING

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-aimed at the needs of a

smaller area, such as a
downtown region, individual
community, or
neighborhood

3.
CORRIDOR
LEVEL PLANNING

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-aimed at improvements
along a particular corridor,
such as a freeway corridor
or a subway line

4.
SPOT
IMPROVEMENT
PLANNING

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-aimed at the needs of

particular intersections and
highway segments. Planning
can also differ in terms of
time involved, from shortrange to long-range projects

TRANSPORTION
SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT
PLAN
15-25 year horizon
Regional emphasis on
capital facilities

TRANSPORTION
SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT
PLAN
1-15 year horizon
Regional/Subregional
emphasis on non-capital
option

Near term capital

facilities staging

TRANSPORTATION
IMPROVEMENT
PROGRAM
1-5 years implementation
program capital and
noncapital facilities
regional/subregional/corrid
or spot improvements

Basis for
Transportation
Planning

a. LEGISLATIVE
AND
ORGANIZATIONA
L BASIS

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Transportation planning in an urban

area is based upon the 1962 Federal
Aid Highway Act, which states that,
"after July 1965, the secretary shall
not approve... Any programs for
projects in any urban area of more
than 50,000 population unless he
finds such projects are based on a
continuing, comprehensive planning
process carried out cooperatively by

b. THEORETICAL
BASIS

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-The development of transportation

plans is based upon a number of
theoretical concepts about the way
cities function and the role of
transportation
-land use transportation cycle
- derived demand
-impedance minimization

Land Use
Transportation
Cycle

Derived Demand

Impedance
Minimization

The Urban
Transportation
Planning Process

The urban transportation planning process involves a

series of interconnected steps

a.
STUDY
ORGANIZATION

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-Activities at this stage include

formation of advisory committees
made up of citizens and technicians
scheduling of tasks; defining the study
area; and development of a traffic
analysis zone system and network
structure.
-The traffic analysis zone system is an
essential part of the modeling system.

b.
PROBLEM
DEFINITION

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-In the problem definition phase,

regional goals are formulated for both
land use and transportation
(1) those concerned with mobility
(2) those concerned with the costs
of transportation
(3) those concerned with the
impacts of transportation on the
community and environment

c.
DATA
COLLECTION

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Basic data are needed on the

characteristics of the existing system,
including information about land-use
patterns, transportation supply, travel
demand, economic conditions, and
natural resources

d.
MODEL
CALIBRATION

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The data collected in the inventory

phase are then used to calibrate a
series of mathematical models used to
forecast future conditions and
patterns

e.
LAND-USE
FORECAST

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The next major step is to develop

forecasts. Forecasts are made of
future land-use demand and travel
patterns in order to test the alternate
plans against the criteria

f.
TRAVEL DEMAND
SIMULATION

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Simulation of travel demand is done

by using a sequence of four major
mathematical models-trip generation,
trip distribution, mode choice, and
traffic assignment.

g.
ALTERNATIVE
PLAN
DEVELOPMENT
A wide range of alternatives is
developed to reflect different
directions of growth and means to
deal with transportation problems.
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Land use alternatives might include

places to concentrate future urban
development in high-density areas, in
satellite cities, or in corridor areas

h.
PLAN TEST AND
EVALUATION

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The alternative plans are next

tested and evaluated by using the
travel demand simulation models to
forecast the performance of each
plan against the criteria.
To determine how well each
alternative will be achieve the
objectives of the project

i.
PLAN ADOPTION
AND

IMPLEMENTATIO
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Following an extensive evaluation

process, the final plan is developed
for formal adoption by the planning
agency and appropriate units of
local government.
The plan is formally adopted by
agencies of the state and federal
government as well

j.
CURRENT
TRANSPORTATIO
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PUBLIC FACILITIES
PLANNING

The Provision of
Public Facilities
The major planning vehicle for
larger facilities is the capital
improvements program.

Types of public Facilities

for Local Development

Highways, Streets, And Walks

Public Utilities
Water Supply
Sanitary Sewer
Storm-water Sewer
Private Utilities
Gas
Electricity
Telephone
Public Facilities And Services
Administrative And Service Offices
Fire And Police Stations
Libraries
Schools
Parks And Playgrounds
Solid Waste Collection

HIGHWAYS
STREETS

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AND

The development of streets and

highways should be based upon a
sound transportation planning process
and used to enhance the overall urban
environment and physical design of
the community

WATER SUPPLY

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Concerned with both the quantity

and quality of water.
Quantity involves being able to
supply enough water to meet future
population growth as well as to
meet the needs of fire fighting,
industry, business, and other uses.
Water quality concerns a supply of
water that is safe for drinking and
contains no undesirable odors or
colors.


URBAN
DRAINAGE
SYSTEMS

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The drainage of water from rain-or

snowstorms can be handled by
surface drainage in open channels
or streams and/or by underground
drainage via catch basins and storm
sewers.
If inadequate provision is made for
the drainage of storm water,
flooding and water quality problems
can result, with severe economic
and environmental consequences.

SANITARY
SEWER SYSTEMS

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The design of sanitary sewer

systems is similar to the design of
urban drainage systems.
Three major steps are involved:
Determination of flow amounts
Sewer network system layout and
design
Design of treatment facilities