Adolescent development

Introduction
WHO identifies adolescence as the
period in human growth and develop
ment that occurs after childhood and
before adulthood
Age 10 21 years
Characterized by a tremendous pace
in growth with the onset of puberty

http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/adolescen
/dev/en/

Stage of adolescents
Early 10 13 yrs
Middle 14 17 yrs
Late 18 21 yrs
Each marked by biologic, cognitive
and psychosocial

NORMAL PUBERTAL
PHYSICAL GROWTH AND D
EVELOPMENT

Puberty
Period of rapid physical growth and
sexual maturation
Age of onset ranges between 8-15
years
Results from a complex sequence of
biological events mediated by
Genetic
Hormonal
Environmental

 Pulsatile GnRH release and

consequent pulsatile LH and FSH occ
ur before most physical signs of pube
rty
Adrenal gland can produced adrenal
androgen that stimulates pubic hair
growth and linear growth but not nec
essary for pubertal development and
growth spurt

Male puberty
The first visible sign is testicular enlargement
Then pubarche followed by penile growth
Growth spurt begins during SMR 2
Spermarche may be found at SMR 3
Nocturnal emission may be found

Female puberty
The first visible sign is Thelarche
Growth spurt begin at the onset of
thelarche
Followed by pubarche
Menarche usually occurs 2 2.5 yrs after
thelarche

Physical change
The arms and legs lengthen before the
trunk of the body -> Awkward
Boy increase in lean body mass whereas
girl have a higher proportion of fat
CVS,Lung increased in heart size, BP,
blood volume, Vital capacity
Androgenic stimulation -> acne, odor

PSYCHOSEXUAL
DEVELOPMENT

Sigmund freud theory


3 (
Phallic stage)
genital stage
puberty adulthood
sexual maturation sexu
al drive sex hormone Oed
epus feeling Sexual identity
seperation
mature nonincestous object relati
on

Terminology
Gender identity :


Sexual orientation :

Factor that influence sexual

development
Biological factor : Hormone,
Chromosome
Environmental

Early
Developed sexual feeling and gender
identity
Limited dating and intimacy
Focus on their body change
Genital
Menstruation
Masturbation
Noctunal emission

Middle
Mixed-sex peer groups
Find ideal partner focus on body
image
Superficial relationship

Late
Permanent relationships

PSYCHOSOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT

Erikson theory

 5 psychosocial
development internal crisis Identity
versus role diffusion (
)
4




Role diffusion -> Conduct disorder, Gender
dysphoria, drug abuse and other psychiatric

Identity achievement
Religious identity
Gender identity
Political/Ethnic identity
Vocational identity

Early
Begin to separate from parents and
identify with peers
Confrontational with parents
Preoccupation with body image
Preoccupation with being like peers
Need acceptance
Same gender in clique
Concrete thinker

 Interest in other gender for

friendship
Travel in packs
Greater need for privacy
Mood swings/Erratic behavior
Lack of impulse control

Middle
Feeling of omnipotence and immortality
lead to Risk taking behavior e.g drug
abuse, STD
Egocentric self at the center
Increasing independence
Associated with mixed-sex peer group
Behave differently with different people
Developing abstract thought

Late
Integration of the diverse views
of self
Less importance placed on peer
group
May accept parental values or
develop own
Realistic vocational goals
Less self centered