1

Solution Steps :
Fixed End Moment

FEM

Relative Stiffness

RS

Distribution Factor

DF

Table :
Fixed End Moment
Distribution Moment
Carry Over Moment
Distribution Moment
2

Solution Steps :
Fixed End Moment
w

FEM

w L2

w L2

L
w

20

30

PL
8

P b a2

P a b2

L
2

wL
12

L2

L2

L
3

Solution Steps :
Relative Stiffness

Sym
Anti-Sym

RS

4
EI
=
K = Ko
L
3
EI
=
K = 3/4 Ko
L
2
EI
K = 1/2 Ko
=
L
6
EI
K = 3/2 Ko
=
L
4

Solution Steps :
DF

Distribution Factor

3
1+2+3
1

1+2+3
1
2

2
2
1+2+3
1
3

Solution Steps :
Table :
Fixed End Moment

Solution Steps :

Table :
Fixed End Moment
Distribution Moment
Carry Over Moment
Distribution Moment
Carry Over Moment
Distribution Moment
Carry Over Moment
Distribution Moment
7

Solution Steps :
Table :
DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM

MFinal

Solution Steps :

Frames
Without Sway
Symmetry

With Sway

With Support

Solution Steps :

2 t/m

8t
I

4I

8 t6

12

10

Solution Steps :

Take it
In first DM
only

11

Solution Steps :

12

Advanced Example
in beams
13

Beams with settlement

Fixed End Moment

14

Using 3M equation method

A
Apply 3M eqn. at A :

L
L

0+2 MA (0 + ) +MB ( ) = 6
EI
EI
L

6EI
2 MA +MB =
L2
15

Apply 3M eqn. at B :

L
L

MA ( ) +2 MB (0+ EI ) + 0 = 6
EI
L

-6EI
MA +2MB =
L2
16


6EI
2 MA +MB =
L2
-6EI
MA +2MB =
L2
By addition

MA+ MB = 0
MA = - MB

6EI
MA=
L2

-6EI
MB =
L2
17

6EI

L2

-6EI
L2

6EI

L2

+
6EI

L2
18

19

Example 16 :

EI=4800 t.m

Draw B.M.D for the shown beam

2I

2 cm

FEM :

6x4800x0.02
62

-16

6EI
L2

6x2x4800x0.02
82

18

20

I
RS :

2I

6
K AB
1
6
1
6
2

: K BC
2
:
8
1
:
4
:
3
21

I
DF :

DFAB : DFBC
2 :
3
2+3
2+3
0.4 : 0.6

2I

K AB : K BC
2 :
3

22

A
DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM

MFinal
16.4

- 16
0

0.4

0.6

-16

+18

- 0.8
0

-16.8

16.8

+18

- 1.2

-0.4

-16.4

+2

16.8

16.8

0
-0.6
0
17.4

17.4

23

17.4

16.4

16.8

24

Frames
with Sway
25

Example 17 :

Draw B.M.D & N.F.D and S.F.D for the shown fram

2 t/m
B

8t

2I

12

26

2 t/m

FEM :

8t

12

PL
8 6
M FAB =
= - 6 tm M FBA = 6 tm
=
8
8
2
w L 2 12 2
M FBC =
=
=
24
tm
12
12

M FCB

= 24 tm
27

RS :

K AB :
1 :
6
1 :

K BC :
2 :
12
1 :

K CD
1
6
1

2I

12

DF :

DFBA : DFBC
1 : 1
2
2

DFCB : DFCD
1 : 1
2
2
28

8t
I

2 t/m
2I

0.5
DF
FEM - 6
+6
DM 0
+9
0
COM +4.5
DM 0
+3
0
COM +1.5
DM 0
+0.57

0.5
-24
+9
-6
+3
-1.13
+0.56

12

D
I

0.5 0.5
+24
-12
+4.5
-2.25
+1.5
-0.75

0
0
0
-12
0
-6
0
-2.25
0
-1.13
0
-0.75
29

0.5
DF
FEM - 6
+6
DM 0
+9
0
COM +4.5
DM 0
+3
0
COM +1.5
DM 0
+0.57

0.5

0.5 0.5

-24
+9
-6
+3
-1.13
+0.56

+24 0
-12 -12
+4.5 0
-2.25 -2.25
+1.5 0
-0.75 -0.75

0
0
-6
0
-1.13
0

COM +0.28
0 -0.38
DM 0
+0.19 +0.19

+0.28 0
-0.14 -0.14

-0.38
0

MFinal +0.28 +18.76 -18.76

+15.14 -15.14

-7.51

30

MFinal +0.28 +18.76 -18.76

+15.14 -15.14

18.76

-7.51

15.14

18.76

15.14

0.28

7.51
31

Free Body Diagram24 t

18.76

18.76

15.14

2 t/m

12+? t
4t

19.04/6

12-? t
7.17 t

15.14

3.78 t

3.17

8t
4t

19.04/6

0.83 t

3.78 t
7.51

0.28

12
32

Free Body Diagram

2 t/m

7.17 t
?t
7.17 t

3.78 t
?t

Fx 0

3.78 t

8t

0.83 t

3.78 t
33

2 t/m

7.17 t
?t

3.78 t
?t

Fx 0
Reason
Sway do not included in the solution

Solution
Take Sway into consideration
Sway is unknown ?
34

Solution Stages
First Stage

2 t/m

Ro
C

B
8t
A

Mo

Second Stage

R1

M1

D
35

First Stage

Mo

Ro

M1

R1

2 M1

2 R1

3 M1

3 R1

Final Stage

M1

Mo M1

Reaction

....

....

Moment

....

Second Stage

Sway

R1

Ro R1
36

Sway

Final Case

MFinal=

MFinal=

Moment

Mo

Ro
Mo

M1
R1

M1

Reaction

Ro R1

Mo M1

RFinal

=0

No support
In original structure
R R1 = 0
o

Ro =

R1

Ro

R1

37

Return to our problem

38

First Stage :
2 t/m

7.17 t
?t
7.17 t

3.78 t
?t

Fx 0
3.78 t

8t

0.83 t

3.78 t
39

7.17 t

2 t/m

Fx = 0

Ro
3.78 t

7.17 - 3.78 - Ro = 0
Ro = 3.39

40

Second Stage :

FEM :
B

2I

I
A

12

C
I
D

6EI
L2
6EI

62

41

EI is unknown

6EI

is unknown

L2

Assume :

6EI

EI = 60

62
6 x 60

= 10

62
= - 10 tm

M
M

FAB
FCD

= - 10 tm

= - 10 tm

M
M

FBA

= - 10 tm

FDC

42

Second Stage can be solved as previous

DF
FEM - 10
DM

0.5 0.5
- 10 0

0.5 0.5
0 - 10

- 10

43

Or

solved as anti-symmetry problem

44

RS :

K AB : K BC
3 x2
1
:
2 12
6
:
3
2

2I

12

DF :

DFBA : DFBC
2 : 3
5
5
45

DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM
MFinal

0.4 0.6
- 10
0
+2
0
-8

-10
+4
0
0

0
+6
0
0
-6 +6

+6 -6

-8

46

MFinal - 8

-6

+6 -6

+6

-8

6
6

M1

8
47

Free Body Diagram

14/6

14/6

6
14/6

R1
14/6

14/6

14/6

8
12
48

14/6

14/6

R1

Fx = 0
14/6 + 14/6 - R1 = 0
R1 =
14/3

49

Ro

Ro = 3.39

R1

R1 =
14 / 3
RFinal = Ro

R1 = 0
Ro =

R1

Ro

MFinal=

3.39
= 0.726

R1
Mo

14 / 3
M1

50

MFinal=

Mo

M1

18.76

15.14
15.14

18.76
-

-18.76+.726x6
- 14.40
- 19.50
-15.14+.726x-6

+
0.28

Mo

+
7.51
-

6
-

+
6

+.28+.726x-8
- 5.53

+7.51+.726x+813.32
8

M1

+
8
51

- 19.50

- 14.40

- 5.53

13.32
19.50

14.40

19.50

14.40

5.53

13.32
52

16.95

19.50

14.40

36

14.40

9.97

8t

2.03
19.05
+

5.53

13.32

12

19.50

2 t/m

12

53

Free Body Diagram

- 14.40

- 19.50

- 5.53

14.40

13.32

2 t/m

19.50

14.40

19.50

4t

8.87/6

5.48 t

32.82/6

1.47

5.47 t
5.48 t

8t
4t
5.53

8.87/6

2.52 t
12

32.82/6

13.32

54

24 t

14.40

2 t/m
12 t

19.50

12 t

5.1/12 t

5.1/12 t 0.425 t

11.575 t

12.425 t

55

24 t
2 t/m

5.48 t
11.575 t

5.48 t
12.425 t

11.575 t
5.48 t

12.425 t

5.48 t

8t
2.52 t

5.48 t
56

24 t

2 t/m

5.48 t
11.575 t

11.575

8t

11.575 t

5.48 t
12.425 t 12.425 t

5.48 t

5.48 t

2.52 t

5.48 t

5.48

12.425

5.48

+
2.52

SFD
57

24 t

2 t/m

5.48 t
11.575 t

8t

11.575

11.575 t

5.48 t
12.425 t 12.425 t

5.48 t

5.48 t

2.52 t

5.48 t

5.48
12.425

NFD

58

Example 18 :
Draw B.M.D for the shown frame

16 t
2I

2I

12

59

First Stage :
16 t

6
A

12

60

16 t

FEM :
B

6
3
A
16 x 3 x 9

16 t

16 x 9 x 32
122

122

- 27

12

M FBC = -27 tm

+9

M FCB= +9 tm
61

RS :

K AB :
1 :
6
2 :

K BC :
2 :
12
2 :

K CD
3x2
4 6
3

2I

2I

12

DF :

DFBA : DFBC
1 : 1
2
2

DFCB : DFCD
2 : 3
5
5
62

8t
I

2 t/m

0.5 0.5
DF
FEM 0
0 -27
DM 0
+13.5 +13.5
0 - 1.8
COM +6.75
DM 0
+0.9 +0.9
0 -1.35
COM +0.45
DM 0
+0.67 +0.68

2I

12

D
2I

0.4 0.6
+9 0
-3.6 -5.4
+6.75 0
-2.7 -4.05
+0.45 0
-0.18 -0.27

0
0
0
0
0
0
63

0.5 0.5
DF
FEM 0
0 -27
DM 0
+13.5 +13.5
0 - 1.8
COM +6.75
DM 0
+0.9 +0.9
0 -1.35
COM +0.45
DM 0
+0.67 +0.68

0.4 0.6
+9 0
-3.6 -5.4
+6.75 0
-2.7 -4.05
+0.45 0
-0.18 -0.27

0
0
0
0
0
0

COM +0.34
0 -0.09
DM 0
+0.04 +0.05

+0.34 0
-0.14 -0.20

0
0

MFinal +7.54 +15.11 -15.11

+9.92 -9.92

64

MFinal +7.54 +15.11 -15.11

15.11

+9.92 -9.92

9.92

15.11

9.92

7.54
65

Free Body Diagram

15.11

9.92

15.11
9.92
22.65/6

9.92/6

3.78

1.65 t
6

22.65/6

9.92/6
7.54

12
66

First Stage :
1.65 t

3.78 t
?t

?t

3.78 t
1.65 t

3.78 t

1.65 t
67

Ro

3.78 t

Fx = 0

1.65 t

3.78 - 1.65 - Ro = 0
Ro = 2.13

68

Second Stage :

FEM :
B

2I

I
A

12

C
I
D

6EI
L2
6EI

62

69

EI is unknown

6EI

is unknown

L2

Assume :

6EI

EI = 60

62
6 x 60

= 10

62
= - 10 tm

M
M

FAB
FCD

= - 10 tm

= - 10 tm

M
M

FBA

= - 10 tm

FDC

70

DF
FEM -10

0.5 0.5
-10 0

0.4 0.6
0 -10
+5

FEM -10
-10 0
DM 0
+5 +5
0 +1
COM +2.5
DM 0
-0.5 -0.5
0 -0.5
COM -0.25
DM 0
+0.25 +0.25

0 -5
+2 +3
+2.5 0
-1 -1.5
-0.25 0
+0.1 +0.15

-10
+10
0
0
0
0
0
0
71

0.5 0.5
DF
FEM -10
-10 0
DM 0
+5 +5
0 +1
COM +2.5
DM 0
-0.5 -0.5
0 -0.5
COM -0.25
DM 0
+0.25 +0.25

COM +0.13
0 +0.05
DM 0
-0.02 -0.03
MFinal - 7.62 - 5.27 5.27

0.4 0.6
0 -5
+2 +3
+2.5 0
-1 -1.5
-0.25 0
+0.1 +0.15

0
0
0
0
0
0

+0.13 0
-0.05 -0.08

0
0

+3.43 - 3.43

0
72

MFinal - 7.62

+3.43- 3.43

- 5.27 5.27

3.43
5.27

3.43

5.27

7.62

M1
73

Free Body Diagram

3.43/6

12.89/6

5.27

3.43
12.89/6

R1
3.43/6

12.89/6

7.62

3.43/6

12
74

3.43/6

12.89/6

R1

Fx = 0
12.89/6 + 3.43/6 - R1 = 0
R1 =
2.72

75

Ro

Ro = 2.13

R1

R1 =
2.72
RFinal = Ro

R1 = 0
Ro =

R1

Ro

MFinal=

2.13
= 0.783

R1
Mo

2.72
M1

76

MFinal=

Mo

M1

15.11
15.11
-

-15.11+.783x5.27
- 10.98
- 12.61
-9.92+.783x-3.43

9.92

7.54

Mo
3.43
3.43
-

5.27
5.27

9.92

+7.54+.783x-7.62
+1.57

7.62

M1
77

- 12.61

- 10.98

+1.57
12.61

10.98

12.61

10.98

1.57
78

12.61
10.98

10.98

12.61

16 t
B

1.57

6
A

12

79

16 t

12.61
10.98

11.39
1.63/4=0.41

1.63

16 x 3 x 9
= 36
12
24.61
80

11.39

12.61

10.98

10.98

12.61

24.61
+

1.57

BMD
81

Example 19 :
Draw B.M.D for the shown frame

16 t

4t
B

2I

I
A

C
2I

8
D

12
82

First Stage :

4t

16 t
C

B
6

A
12

83

4t

FEM :
6

16 t
C

12

L
PL
8

M FBC
M FCB

PL
=
8

16 x 12
=

= - 24 tm
= 24 tm
84

RS :

K AB :
1 :
6
2 :

K BC :
2 :
12
2 :

K CD
2
8
3

B
I

2I

A
12

C
2I
D

DF :

DFBA : DFBC
1 : 1
2
2

DFCB : DFCD
2 : 3
5
5
85

A
I

DF
FEM 0
DM 0
COM +6
DM 0
COM +1.2
DM 0

2I

12

D
2I

0.5 0.5

0.4 0.6

0 -24
+12 +12
0 - 4.8
+2.4 +2.4
0 -1.2
+0.6 +0.6

+24 0
-9.6 -14.4
+6 0
-2.4 -3.6
+1.2 0
-0.48 -0.72

0
0
-7.2
0
-1.8
0
86

DF
FEM 0
DM 0
COM +6
DM 0
COM +1.2
DM 0

0.5 0.5

0.4 0.6

0 -24
+12 +12
0 - 4.8
+2.4 +2.4
0 -1.2
+0.6 +0.6

+24 0
-9.6 -14.4
+6 0
-2.4 -3.6
+1.2 0
-0.48 -0.72

0
0
-7.2
0
-1.8
0

COM +0.3
DM 0

0 -0.24
+0.12 +0.12

+0.3 0
-0.12 -0.18

-0.36
0

MFinal +7.5

+15.12 -15.12

+18.9 -18.9

9.36

87

MFinal +7.5

+15.12 -15.12

+18.9 -18.9

9.36

18.9
15.12
18.9

15.12

7.5
9.36
88

Free Body Diagram

15.12

18.9

15.12

18.9

28.26/8

22.62/6

3.53 t

3.77

6
22.62/6

7.5

28.86/8
12

9.36
89

First Stage :

4t

16 t
C

B
A

4t

3.53 t

3.77 t

?t

?t

3.77 t
3.53 t

3.77 t

3.53 t

90

4t

Ro

3.77 t

Fx = 0

3.53 t

3.77 - 3.53 - 4 - Ro = 0
Ro = -3.76

91

Second Stage :
C

FEM :
6

B
I
A

2I

C
2I

12

6EI

L2

6x2EI

82
6EI
62

92

EI is unknown

6EI

is unknown

L2

Assume :
EI = 48
6EI

62
6 x 48

= - 8 tm

FAB
FCD

= - 9 tm

82
12 x 48

=8

62

6x2EI

=9

82

= - 8 tm

M
M

FBA
FDC

= - 9 tm
93

DF
FEM - 8
DM 0
COM +2
DM 0
COM -0.45
DM 0

0.5 0.5
-8 0
+4 +4
0 +1.8
-0.9 -0.9
0 -0.4
+0.2 +0.2

0.4 0.6
0 -9
-9
0
+3.6 +5.4
+2 0
+2.7
0
-0.8 -1.2
-0.45 0
-0.6
0
+0.18 +0.27

94

0.4 0.6

DF
FEM - 8
DM 0
COM +2
DM 0
COM -0.45
DM 0

0.5 0.5
-8 0
+4 +4
0 +1.8
-0.9 -0.9
0 -0.4
+0.2 +0.2

0 -9
-9
0
+3.6 +5.4
+2 0
+2.7
0
-0.8 -1.2
-0.45 0
-0.6
0
+0.18 +0.27

COM +0.1
DM 0

0 +0.09
-0.05 -0.04

+0.1 0
-0.04 -0.06

MFinal - 6.35 - 4.75 4.75

+0.14
0

+4.59 - 4.59 -6.76

95

MFinal - 6.35 - 4.75 4.75

+4.59 - 4.59

-6.76

4.59
4.75

4.59

4.75

6.35

M1

6.76
96

Free Body Diagram4.75

4.59

4.75

4.59

6.76

6.35

11.35/8

11.1/6

R1

4.75
11.1/6

11.35/8

4.59

11.1/6

6.35

11.35/8

6.76

97

11.35/8

11.1/6

R1

Fx = 0
11.1/6 + 11.35/8 - R1 = 0
R1 =
3.27

98

Ro

Ro = 3.76

R1

R1 =3.27
RFinal = Ro

R1 = 0
Ro = R1
- Ro
=
=

MFinal=

R1
Mo

-3.76
= -1.15
3.27

M1

99

MFinal=

Mo

M1

15.12
15.12

-15.12-1.15x4.75
- 20.58
- 13.62
-18.9-1.15x-4.59

18.9
-

18.9
-

Mo

7.5

9.36

4.59

4.75

4.59

4.75
+9.36-1.15x+6.76 6.35
+7.5-1.15x-6.35 1.83
+14.8

M1

6.76
100

- 20.58

- 13.62

+14.8

+1.83

20.58
13.62
13.62

20.58

14.8
1.83

101

17.1

20.58

13.62

48

20.58

13.62

30.9
14.8

16 t

4t

BMD

1.83

12

102

Advanced Idea

103

Beams with springs

First Stage :

104

First Stage :

Ro
Second Stage :

1 cm

R1

105

Settlement Moment

First Stage

Mo

Ro

1 cm

M1

R1

2 cm
3 cm

Final Stage

cm

2 R1

3 M1

3 R1

M1

Mo M1

....

cm

2 M1

....

....

Second Stage

Reaction

R1

Ro R1
106

Settlement Moment

Final Stage

cm

Mo M1

Reaction

Ro R1

F=K
Ro

MFinal=

R1

=K
Mo

M1
107

Beams with Intermediate Hin

Determinate Part

Indeterminate Part

Determinate Part

Determinate Part
108

Indeterminate Part

Indeterminate Parts

109

Solution Steps :
Mo

Ro

M1

R1
110

Settlement Moment

First Stage

Ro

M1

R1

2 M1

2 R1

3 M1

3 R1

Final Stage

M1

Mo M1

....

Mo

....

....

Second Stage

Reaction

R1

Ro R1
111

Sway

Final Case

MFinal=

MFinal=

Moment

Mo

Ro
Mo

M1
R1

M1

Reaction

Ro R1

Mo M1

RFinal

=0

No support
In original structure
R R1 = 0
o

Ro =

R1

Ro

R1

112

Summary

Frames
Without Sway
Symmetry

With Sway

With Support

113

Summary

Frames With Sway

114

First Stage :

Mo

Ro

Fx = 0
115

Second Stage :

M1

R1

Fx = 0
116

Sway

Moment

Ro R1

Mo M1

Final Case

MFinal=

MFinal=

Reaction

Mo

Ro
Mo

M1
R1

M1

RFinal

=0

No support
In original structure
R R1 = 0
o

Ro =

R1

Ro

R1

117

Questions
118