1.

Lines

Equations

form:

Slope:

1. Standard Form:

2. Slope-intercept Form:

3. Point- Slope Form:

Slope =
m
General equation of a line: Ax + By + C = 0
Example: Find equation thru (- 1, - 3) and (2, - 1).

Ax +By = C
y = mx + b
m = slope
b = y-intercept

2. FUNCTIONS
Some expression where input (x) has exactly 1 output (y).
Representation of function: Table, Mapping, Formula or Graph
Ex. TABLE:

MAPPING:

Student

Height
(ft)

1
2
3
4

5.6
4.8
5.2
5.0

0 1

2 4

-3 7

Domain
Number
-2
-1
0
1
2

4
1
0

Range
Square

Formula:

Graph:

Ex. A =

Are these functions?

Ex.
y = f(x)
f(x) =
f(1) = 0 ;
f(0) = 1 ;
f(5) = 36 ;

(1, 0)
(0, 1)
(5, 36)

Ex. V(x) = x (5 - 2x)(12 - 2x)

Domain and Range:

Domain:

All input values (x -values)

Range: All output values (y values)
Ex. y = x

Ex. g(x) =
g(-2) = 4
g(0) = 0
g(2) = 4

Find the domain and the range.

y=x
f(x) = x
f(-3) = -3
(-3, -3)
f(0) = 0
(0, 0)
f(2) = 2
(2, 2)
Domain : All real numbers,
Range : All real numbers,

(-2, 4)
(0, 0)
(2, 4)

Soln:

f(x) = x
x

D: All real numbers,

R: [0, )
Natural Domain: All values that work in the formula.
Ex. A = ; Area of the square
Domain:
Ex.
Ex.

; Domain: x
; Domain: All real numbers except

Piece-wise function, Rational function, Continuity,

and Discontinuity

Piece-wise function:
*The function changes depending on the input value.
*You can graph piecewise functions by graphing each individually for the given
domain.
Ex. f(s) =
Rational function:
Ex. h(x) =
Ex. P(x) =

Note: Two categories

1) If you cancel out the denominator its a Hole.
*The graph is not continuous however removable discontinuity.
*When you can remove the discontinuity domain problem.
2) If you cant cancel out its an Asymptote.
*Cant remove domain issue.

Continuity:
*A graph or a curve is continuous if it has no Holes, Break or Asymptotes.

Sketch the graph and identify if it is

continuous or not.
a) f(x) =

d) h(x) =

b) f(s) =

e) P(x) =

c) g(x) =

Problem set:

1. Evaluation of function:
f(x) =

find:
a) f(2)

b) f(- )

c) f(a)

d) f(a +h)

2. Sketch the graph of 4y 3x = 8. Find the domain and range.

3. Sketch the graph of f(x) = . Is the graph continuous?
4. Sketch the graph of g(x) = . Is the graph continuous?
5. f(x) = . Find the domain. No need to graph.

e)

Application
1. Making Rectangular Box Problem:
x

16 ft

20 ft

a) Find the volume as a function of x.

b) Find the domain.

Business and Economics Problems:

Problems arising business and economics generally deal with money.

Revenue (R) is the amount of money taken in by a company when selling a product.
Cost (C) is the money paid out by the company for wages, material, rent, and so forth.
Profit (P) is the difference between revenue and cost. Negative profit indicates a loss.
Note:
1) If R > C, the company will have a profit.
2) If R = C, will break-even.
3) If R < C, will have a loss.

For Price Demand Function:

C = (fixed costs) + (variable costs)
= a + bx

Cost Function: C = (fixed costs) + (variable costs)

Price Demand Function:

p = m nx ; x is the # of items
Revenue Function: R = (number of items sold) X (price per item)that can
be sold at dollars p
Profit Function: P = R - C
per item
R = (number of items sold) X (price
per item)
= xp = x(m - nx)
P=R-C
= x(m - nx) (a + bx)

2. A machine can produce 12 clay figures per hour. It costs $750 to set up
the
machine and $6 per hour to run the machine. Each clay figure requires $2
of
material (clay) to produce. If each clay figure will sell for $10, express the
revenue, cost, and profit in producing x clay figures as a function of time.

2. A machine can produce 12 clay figures per hour. It costs $750 to set up the
machine and $6 per hour to run the machine. Each clay figure requires $2 of
material (clay) to produce. If each clay figure will sell for $10, express the
revenue, cost, and profit in producing x clay
figuresR as
a function of time.
Revenue:
= 10x
Solution:
Given:

Cost:
Profit:

$10 = price per item

C = 750 + 6t + 2x
P=R-C
= 10x (750 + 6t + 2x)
= 8x 6t 750

$750 = fixed costs

Since 12 clay figures are produced per hour, x =1

R = 10x = 10(12t)
$6t = cost of running the machine for t hour
R(t) = 120 t

$2x = cost of material to produce x figures

x = number of clay figures to produce
t = # of hours needed to produce them

12t = 12 clay figures are produced per hour

C = 750 + 6t + 2x = 750 + 6t + 2(12t)

= 750 + 6t + 24t
C(t) = 750 + 30t
P = 8x 6t 750 = 8(12t) 6t 750
P(t) = 90t - 750

3. It costs $800 to manufacture a certain model of personal computer.

Overhead and
other fixed costs to the company are $2000 per week. The wholesale price of
a
computer is $1500 but, as an incentive, the company will reduce the price of
every
computer by an additional $10 for each computer purchased in excess of 10.
(Thus if
13 computer are purchased, each will cost $1470.) Express the companys
weekly
profit as a function of the number of computers sold.

3. It costs $800 to manufacture a certain model of personal computer. Overhead and

other fixed costs to the company are $2000 per week. The wholesale price of a
computer is $1500 but, as an incentive, the company will reduce the price of every
computer by an additional $10 for each computer purchased in excess of 10. (Thus if
13 computer are purchased, each will cost $1470.) Express the companys weekly
profit as a function of the number
of computers
Cost:
C = 2000 + sold.
800x
Solution:
Given:
x = the # of computer sold

Profit:
Case 1: If 10 or fewer computer are sold, the price is $1500
per comp.
Companys Revenue: R = 1500x
Profit: P = R C = 1500x (2000 + 800x) = 700x
2000

$800x = cost to make x computer

Case 2: If more than 10 computer sold, the number of

computers in
excess of 10 is x 10. The new price of computer is
$1500 = price per computer
1500 -10(x - 10) = 1600 - 10x dollars. In this case,
x 10 = # of comp. after 10 comp. sold
Companys Revenue: R = (1600 - 10x)x = 1600x - 10
Profit: P = R C = 1600x - 10 - (2000 + 800x) = 800x $10 = discount per computer
10

$2000 = fixed cost

1500-10(x - 10) dollars = new price

More practice problems:

Pages: 66-73
Book: Calculus for Business, Economics, Life Sciences,
and Social
Sciences by Raymond A. Barnett, Michael R.
Ziegler, K. E. Byleen