Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
(7th Ed)
Chapter 3
The Nature and Nurture
Of Behavior
James A. McCubbin, PhD
Clemson University
Worth Publishers
Genome
the complete instructions for making an
organism
consisting of all the genetic material in its
chromosomes
Cell
Chromosome
Gene
DNA
Evolutionary Psychology
Natural Selection
the principle that, among the range of
inherited trait variations, those that lead to
increased reproduction and survival will most
likely be passed on to succeeding
generations
Mutations
random errors in gene replication that lead to
a change in the sequence of nucleotides
the source of all genetic diversity
Evolutionary Psychology
Evolutionary Psychology
the study of the evolution of
behavior and the mind, using the
principles of natural selection
Gender
in psychology, the characteristics,
whether biologically or socially
influenced, by which people define
male and female
Evolutionary Psychology
Men preferred attractive physical features
suggesting youth and health
Women preferred resources and social
status
Behavior Genetics
Behavior Genetics
study of the relative power and
limits of genetic and environmental
influences on behavior
Environment
every nongenetic influence, from
prenatal nutrition to the people and
things around us
Behavior Genetics
Identical
twins
Fraternal
twins
Identical Twins
develop from a single
fertilized egg that splits
in two, creating two
genetically identical
organisms
Fraternal Twins
Same
sex only
Same or
opposite sex
Behavior Genetics
Temperament
a persons characteristic emotional
reactivity and intensity
Heritability
the proportion of variation among
individuals that we can attribute to
genes
may vary, depending on the range of
populations and environments studied
Behavior Genetics
Interaction
the dependence of the effect of one
factor (such as environment) on
another factor (such as heredity)
Molecular Genetics
the subfield of biology that studies
the molecular structure and
function of genes
Environmental
Influence
Two placental arrangements in
identical twins
Environmental
Influence
Experience affects brain development
Impoverished
environment
Rat brain
cell
Enriched
environment
Rat brain
cell
Environmental
Influence
A trained brain
Environmental
Influence
Culture
the enduring behaviors, ideas,
attitudes, and traditions shared by a
large group of people and transmitted
from one generation to the next
Norm
an understood rule for accepted and
expected behavior
Environmental
Influence
Personal Space
the buffer zone we like to
maintain around our bodies
Memes
self-replicating ideas, fashions,
and innovations passed from
person to person
Y Chromosome
the sex chromosome found only in men
when paired with an X chromosome from
the mother, it produces a male child
Role
a set of expectations (norms) about a social position
defining how those in the position ought to behave
Gender Identity
ones sense of being male or female
Gender-typing
the acquisition of a traditional
masculine or feminine role