Thermal Energy &

Heat
Heat and Its Uses

Thermal Energy &

Heat
16.1 Thermal Energy and
Matter

THERMAL ENERGY & MATTER: Journal

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

In which direction does heat flow spontaneously?

Define TEMPERATURE
How is THERMAL ENERGY transferred?
What are the factors that determine the THERMAL
ENERGY of a material?
Which type of material heats more, one with a
high specific heat, or one with a low specific heat?
Is WORK 100% efficient? How do you know?

THERMAL ENERGY &

MATTER
Work and Heat- work is never 100%

efficient. Some is always lost to heat.

THERMAL ENERGY &

MATTER
Heat- the transfer of thermal energy from

one object to another because of a

temperature difference.
In what direction does heat flow
spontaneously?
FROM HOT to COLD

THERMAL ENERGY &

MATTER
Temperature = measure of how hot or cold

something is compared to a reference point.

Temperature is the average kinetic energy of
the particles in an object.
In the image below, where is average kinetic
energy greater?
Higher temperature

THERMAL ENERGY &

MATTER
Heat flows DOWN the bar through

COLLISIONS.
Collisions transfer thermal energy from
hot to cold.

THERMAL ENERGY &

MATTER
Thermal energy- total potential and kinetic

energy in an object. It depends on mass,

temperature, and phase of an object.
If both objects are in the same phase & at the same
temperature, which one has MORE thermal energy?

Because there

are MORE
particles moving
around.

THERMAL ENERGY &

MATTER
Thermal expansion/contraction -

change in volume of a material due to

temperature change.
Occurs because particles of matter collide more or less
as temperature changes.

Thermal expansion
Also, wrap on beaker and lava lamp

THERMAL ENERGY &

MATTER
Specific Heat amount of heat needed to

raise ONE gram of a material ONE degree

Celsius.

THERMAL ENERGY &

MATTER
The LOWER a materials specific heat the

MORE its temperature rises when energy is

added.
Which will heat faster (has the lower specific
heat)?
Water?
YES!

Or Lead?

Specific heat of water = 4.18 J/gC Specific heat of lead = 0.46J/gC

Thermal Energy &

Heat
16.2 Heat and Thermodynamics

HEAT TRANSFER
What type of HEAT TRANSFER is occurring in

the pictures? Conduction, convection or

radiation?

CONDUCTION
The transfer of thermal energy with no
transfer of matter.

HEAT TRANSFER
What type of HEAT TRANSFER is occurring in

the pictures? Conduction, convection or

radiation?
CONVECTION
The transfer of thermal energy when particles
of a liquid or gas move from one place to
another

HEAT TRANSFER
CONVECTION in the earth and sun

HEAT TRANSFER
What type of HEAT TRANSFER is occurring in

the pictures? Conduction, convection or

radiation?
RADIATION
The transfer of thermal energy by waves
moving through space. ALL OBJECTS radiate
energy!

THERMODYNAMICS
The study of conversions between thermal

energy and other forms of energy.

THERMODYNAMICS
First Law: Energy is Conserved

Thermal Energy &

Heat
16.3 Using Heat

THERMAL ENERGY & MATTER: Journal

1. Define Convection, Conduction and

Radiation
2. Give an example of each.
3. Write a sentence describing how each
is important to our everyday lives.
4. How do we use heat in our everyday
lives?

PART 2 - USING HEAT

HEAT ENGINES
The two main types of heat engines are External
combustion and Internal Combustion

External = power plants

Internal = car engine

PART 2 - USING HEAT

External combustion produces
electricity at power plants.
Water is heated by a fuel and the pressurized
steam spins a turbine.
http://www.eas.asu.edu/~holbert/eee463/coal.html

PART 2 - USING HEAT

HEAT ENGINES
External combustion nuclear power
plants.

USING HEAT
Internal combustion car
engines.
The fuel (gas) is
compressed and ignited
(lit) to drive a piston.

USING HEAT
Internal combustion
car engines.
Four-stroke engine.