India and Pakistan

The

architecture of India includes present day

India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

These countries later on got separated by

political boundaries but, still share a common
cultural heritage.

Geography

a great triangular peninsula of Southern

Asia, covering an area fifteen times of Great
Britain, is bounded on the north by the
Himalaya Mountains.

Geological
The

excellent building stone

White

marble in Rajasthan, widely use in

buildings and the fine red and cream
sandstone from the Agra.

In

the center and south ,the trap and granite

of the Deccan made their own contributions to
the development of regional characteristics

Climate
More

than half the country lies in Tropic

Wet in winter and dry in summer
Buildings built to adapt the climate
Egypt, Assyria, and Persia- flat roofs
great fan, or punkah, is an indication of the
intense heat
Canals, reservoirs, and tanks, in connection with
the plans of the temples and palaces, were
necessary for irrigation and water-storage during
the dry season.

Religious

1. Hindu
2. Buddhism
3. Jainism

Hinduism

The religion has evolved due to the

combination of faiths of Aryans and
Dravidians.

Buddhist; Siddhartha (Gautama), the first

Buddha

the religion teaches against animal sacrifice,

to observe oneness, humanity, the deliverance
from sorrow and all trouble and from ignorance
through enlightenment to the ultimate
Nirvana

Jain; founded by Mahaveer or Vadhaman who

was himself a Brahman, he was born around
599B.C.

According to him the goal is Nirvana or a state

of pure rest without rebirth but no total
destruction

The religion teaches avoidance of injury to life,

to observe truth, honesty, abstinence from
worldly desire, self-punishment, and restraint of
mind tongue and body.

Social and Political

The peoples of India consist of:

(a) The Non-Aryan tribes or aborigines ;

(b) the Aryan or Sanskrit-speaking race,
which includes Brahmans and Raj puts ;
(c) Hindus, a mixed population formed of the above ;
(d) Mahometan invaders.

Historical

The earliest defined civilization in the sub-continent is indus ValleyMarappan Culture

Straddled modern day Pakistan and
India
Highly civilized and orderly
Farmers grew wheat, barley, and
peas; cattle, goats, and sheep
Lived in towns and traded with
other cultures (modern-day Iraq)

Alexander the Great (327-326 BCE)

Macedonian (Greek) who led and brought the
country into touch with European and west Asiatic
Art
Ruled briefly
The Greek Bactrian Kingdom (B.C. 323130),
which, along with India, fell to Seleukos Nikator,
one of Alexander's generals and founder of the
Syrian monarchy
Greeks forced out of India after Alexanders death

 From

A.D. 1746 British rule in India was being

consolidated, until in A.D. 1858 the annexation
to the British Crown was effected by Royal
proclamation,

The

selection of Delhi as the capital of the Indian

Empire has given an opportunity for English and
native talent to produce public buildings in
accord with Oriental surroundings and suitable
for their Imperial purpose.

Pakistan

 refers

to the various structures built during

different time periods in the modern day
region

With the beginning of the Indus civilization

around the middle of the 3rd millenium B.C

This was followesd by the Gandhara style of

buddhist architecture

Geograhical
The

geography of Pakistan is a profound

blend of landscapes varying from plains to
deserts,

hills,

and plateaus ranging from the coastal

areas of the Arabian Sea in the south to the
mountains of the Karakoram range in the
north.

Geological
Pakistan

geologically overlaps both with the Indian

and the Eurasian tectonic plates

Neighboring

Afghanistan

Iran

China

India

countries:

Climate

a cool, dry winter from December through February;

a hot, dry spring from March through May

the summer rainy season, or southwest monsoon

period, from June through September;

the retreating monsoon period of October and

November. Rainfall can vary radically from year to
year, and successive patterns of flooding and
drought are also not uncommon

religion in Pakistan:
Islam

- about 95-98% are Muslims

they believes on one Allah

Hinduism

- second largest religion in Pakistan

accounting for 2.00% of the population.

Jainism

- existed in Punjab, Balochistan,

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Karachi.

Buddhism

- currently there is a small

community of at least 1500 Pakistani Buddhist
in the country.[

Historical

Minar-e-Pakistan

It reflects a blend of
Mughal and modern
architecture, and is
constructed on the site
where on March 23,
1940, Lahore Resolution
(Qarardad-e-Lahore)
demanding the creation
of Pakistan. It was seven
years before the
formation of Pakistan.
built in honor of the
Lahore Resolution.

 Mizar-e-Quaid

The Quaid-eAzam`s Mausoleum

Is a prominent and
impressive landmark of Karachi.
Nearby are the
graves of the
Quaid-e-Millat.

Pakistan Monument

The National Monument in Islamabad, Pakistan is a

national monument

representing the four provinces and three territories of

Pakistan.

Designed by Arif Masood the blooming flower shape of the

monument represents Pakistan's progress as a rapidly
developing country.

The four main petals of the monument represent the four

provinces (Balochistan, North West Frontier Province,
Punjab, and Sindh), while the three smaller petals
represent the three territories (Northern Areas, Azad
Kashmir and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas).

The four main petals of the monument represent the

four provinces (Balochistan, North West Frontier
Province, Punjab, and Sindh), while the three smaller
petals represent the three territories (Northern Areas,
Azad Kashmir and the Federally Administered Tribal
Areas).

http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/BM_MAN-IN-PAKS-06
0513.pdf
Jump up^
http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/BM_MAN-IN-BANG-2
70813.pdf
Jump up^Naunidhi Kaur (June 2002)."The Nowhere People"
.Frontline Magazine,The Hindu19(12). Retrieved19
November2008.