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CMET. LUCKNOW
Background
Seafarers and ships have faced threats to their
security ever since trade began. History is
replete with piracy on the high seas.
In modern times terrorism was not seen as a
threat.
Terrorist attacks that did occur were against
passenger or Cruise ships.
In 1985 A Passenger ship Achille Lauro was
attacked off Egypt and City of Poros in Greece
in 1989.
IMO
Following the incident of Achille Laura, the IMO
adopted a set of Safety Guidelines:
Published in MSC Circular 443 in 1986.
No legislation was produced and it was left to
individual countries to form their own legislation
On 11th Sept.,2001 The Twin Towers in the USA
were attacked by terrorists.
The situation changed radically. It was
concluded that terrorists could use ships as
weapons, or carry weapons or terrorists into
target countries and so cause immeasurable
harm to world economy.
Action by IMO
Member Governments of IMO developed a
security regime for international shipping in just
one year.
Prevent and suppress acts of terrorism and
strengthen maritime security by a conference
in London in December, 2002. IMO agreed to
9 amendments.
An instrument for legislation was required.
So, by amendments to SOLAS 1974, the ISPS
code was enshrined in Chapter XI.
It Became Mandatory & came into effect from 1 st
July,2004
Affected Parties
Port Facilities serving ships on international
voyages
All passenger ships including high speed
passenger craft on international voyages
All other ships, including high speed cargo craft
over 500 GT on international voyages
Mobile offshore drilling units over 500 GT, when
in transition on an international voyage
Enforcement in India
Like other IMO instruments , member states are
permitted to delegate some of their responsibilities
to:
Recognised Security Organisations such
organisations are to satisfy their competency to match
the standards set by IMO to the Flag State.
Most of the Governments have delegated this
responsibility to Classification societies and some
security firms.
The Indian register of Shipping is entrusted with this
task in India.
A 24x7 communications center dedicated for receiving
Ship Security Alerts and handling related
communications
Mandatory Measures
1. Ships to develop Security Plans and have
ship security officer.
2. Shipping companies to appoint company
security officer
3. Development of comprehensive security
plans for international port facilities.
( Port Facility refers to areas where a vessel
covered by SOLAS 74 receives services).
Security Levels
For designated port facilities; the code mandates
a system of three security levels
Declaration of a security level automatically
triggers the implementation of appropriate
security measures for the ship and for the port.
Ship security plans must include procedures for
each of these security levels to enable
immediate response by officers and crew.
Security Assessments
To establish a security level in each port facility
requires the contracting signatory government
to conduct security assessments to identify
critical assets as well as areas, equipment, and
buildings where an attack could cause
significant loss of life, or damage to the port
facility economy or the environment.
The assessment must then identify the likely
threats to these critical assets, helping to
prioritize security measures.
Implementation
1. The onus of implementing these new regulations
falls squarely on the IMO member governments.
Flag states must approve ship security plans for their
registered vessels.
2. They must also verify compliance of part-A and
amendments to Solas 74 (also Mandatory).
3. Governments of the flag states are to issue their
registered vessels with International Ship Security
Certificates.
4. They are to designate the port facilities, appoint a
Port facility Security Officer, carry out Port Facility
assessment and develop port facility security plan.
Safeguarding your
information
- Continued
Attack occurring in a specific area against a
specific class of targets. Thus necessitating
maintenance of additional protective security
measures for a period of time.
Security Level 3
It means the level for which further specific
protective security measures shall be
maintained for a limited period of time when a
security incident is probable or imminent,
although it may not be possible to identify the
specific target.
Cargo Handling
Protective measures relating to cargo handling are
intended to prevent tampering of legitimate cargo and
prevent contraband cargo from being loaded onto the
ship. The ship security officer will have to coordinate
closely with the port facility Security officer to establish
procedures for cargo inventory control at the point of
loading on board at level 1 , level 2, and level 3.
At level 1 Detailed checking of all cargo, including
checking of seals, visual inspection for tampering etc.
At level 2 in addition use of scanning / detection
equipment, mechanical devices or dogs and
coordination with shipper or other responsible party.
At level 3 Suspend all cargo work and verify inventory of
all dangerous goods and hazardous substances on
board.
Declaration of Security
The declaration of security is an agreement between a
ship security officer and either a port facility security
officer or another ship security officer with which the
ship will interact.
The DOS specifies the security measures that each
party will undertake while the ship and the port
facility or during ship to ship activities.
The responsibilities of each party for the shared
security measures is by completing a Declaration Of
Security form. To do this the two officers must meet
face- to- face to discuss the issues outlines in the
DOS form. The DOS form must be signed by the
Master or SSO & PFSO or his agent.
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