Kuliah-5

DASAR REPRODUKSI
TERNAK
ORGAN
REPRODUKSI
TERNAK BETINA

2. Oviduct
Also called fallopian tubes
A pair of convoluted tubes (from near the
ovaries to the tips of the uterine horns)
The functions are (see lecture before)
Consists three distinct layers:
The outer layer: tunica serosa (connective
tissue)
The middle layer: tunica muscularis (circular
and longitudinal smooth muscle fibers)
The innermost layer: tunica mucosa (ciliated
and secretory epithelial cells)

Oviduct, morphology
Length: 20 30 cm
Divided into 3 segments:
Infundibulum: funnel shape opening near the
ovary (mucosal cells are ciliated)
Ampula: middle segment, 3 5 cm , half of
total length of oviduct; 20 40 longitudinal
folds
Isthmus: 0,5 1 cm , thicker smooth muscle
layer than ampula, 4 8 mucosal folds; more
secretory than ciliated cells.
Ampullary-isthmic-juction: delays the ovum
several hours during transport; site of
fertilization
Utero-tubal-junction (UTJ): short segment
between oviduct and uterus.
Oviduct is stimulated by estrogen and inhibited
by progestins

Anatomy of oviduct:

3. Uterus

Extending from UTJ to the cervix

35 60 cm long for cow, sow, mare
Consists: uterine horn and uterine
body
Uterine horn: 80 90% of total
uterine length in cow, sow, doe,
ewe; 50% in mare
In ewe and doe, the uteri are less
than half of the other above animals

Uterus, function
Major function: retain and nourish
of embryo or fetus
Produces uterine milk secreted by
glands in the mucosal layer (as
nutrients for the embryo before
attachment to uterus)
After implantation, placenta plays
those important role (nutrients and
waste)

Uterus, 4 basic types:

1.

Bicornuate uterus: cow, sow, ewe, doe

Small uterine body, long uterine horn
Fusion of uterine horns biforcatio uteri

2. Bipartite uterus: mare

Large uterine body and small uterine horns

During pregnancy, fetus develops in both
uterine horns but not in uterine body

3. Duplex uterus: rat, rabbit, guinea pig

Consists two uterine horns each with a

seprate cervical canal

4. Simple uterus: human, primates

A pear-shaped body with no uterine horns

Basic types of uteri found in mammals

Uterus; histology,
Outer layer tunica serose
Middle layer: myometrium two
longitudinal layer of smooth muscle, with a
thicker circular layer sandwiched between.
Estrogen stimulate to erect myometrium by
increasing the tone. Progestins decreases
the tone and causing it more flaccid.
Inner layer: endometrium, mucosal lining
uterus, is more complex, has simple glands.
Progestins cause the endometrial glands to
coil and branch, and to secrete uterine milk.
The synergistic actions of estrogens and
progestins on the endometrium are for
preparation of the uterus for pregnancy.

Uterus, physiology
Endometrium provides a
mechanism for attachment of the
extraembryonic membranes.
This union forms placenta
placentation
Type of placenta: see next page

Uterus, Type of Placenta:

a. Cotyledonary (cow, ewe, doe): chorionic villi from
extraembryonic membranes penetrate into
caruncules, which are button-like projection on
the endometrium. This union (chorionic villi and
caruncle) forms placentome / cotyledon. There
are 70 120 cotldn attachments in late
pregnancy of cow, 88 96 in ewes and does.
b. Difuse (surface) attachment (sow, mare): Extra
embryonic membrane lie in folds on the
endometrium, with chorionic villi extending into
the endometrium in a more fragile attachment

Uterus, Type of placental attachment:

Epitheliochorial (sow, cow, mare): no erosion in
both of endemetrium and extra embryonic
membrane during placenta formation (nutrients and
maternal blood must pass through both maernal and extra embryonic
tissue to reach embryonic blood)

Syndesmochorial (ewe, doe): erosion in the

epithelial layer of endometrium
Hemochorial (huma, primates): extension
erosion in the epithelial of endometrium
(nutrients form maternal blood must pass
through only extraembryoic tissue layers to
reach fetal blood).
Hemoendothelial (rabbits): no extensive erosion
in both extraembryonic membrane and
epithelial layer of endometrium

4. cervix
Technically a part of uterus with thickwalled and inelastic;
The anterior being continous with the
uterine body;
The posterior end protrudes into the vagina
Length: 5 10 cm, 2 5 cm,
Contains canal, with opening into uterus
Cervical canal (cow, ewe, doe, sow)
transverse interloking ridge : annular rings
to seal uterus from contamination.

Cervix; anatomy, histology

In sow, cervical canal is funnel
shaped, with ridges having corkscrew
configuration
In mare, cervical canal is more open
Histology:
Outer layer: tunica serosa
Middle layer: connective tissue with
smooth muscle fibers
Inner layer: mucosa layer contains
secretory and ciliated epithelial cells

Cervix, physiology
Estrogen dilatation during estrus and
parturation (plus relaxin)
Estrogen epithelial cells mucus
protection to microorganisms
During pregnancy, thick mucus a gellike plug

5. Vagina
Tubular, thin-waled, quite elastic
25 30 cm long in cow, mare; 10
15 cm in sow, doe, ewe
Outer layer tunica serosa,
followed by a smooth muscle layer
(circular and longitudinal fibers)
Under progestins influence
epithelial lining regenerates.

6. Vulva
External genitalia
Vestibule: common lumen both urinary and
reproductive system (10 12 cm, cow and mare)
It joins with vagina at urethral orifice
Suburethral diverticulum, just posterior to the
external urethra orifice
Labia minora (inner folds / lips); labia majora
(outer folds / lips)
Clitoris gland panis contains erectile tissue
and sensory nerves
Vestibular glands, posterior of vestibula. During
estrus secrets lubricating mucus