INTRODUCTION

OF
CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY

DEFINITION
IMPORTANCE
PARTY INVOLVED
Client
Consultant
Contractor
Others
SITE ORGANIZATION
CHART
CONSTRUCTION
PROCESS

1.1 DEFINITION OF CONSTRUCTION

Is the building or assembly of any infrastructure/building.
Is a process of development that generates growth economic.
Is a feat of multitasking job. Construction is one the fields
that carries out development and infrastructure activities for
public use (Y.Paal et al, 2005)

1.2 IMPORTANCE OF CONSTRUCTION

INDUSTRY
Enables socio-economic development

Develops complementary Industry such as tourism, industrial

and etc.

1.2 IMPORTANCE OF CONSTRUCTION

INDUSTRY (CONTINUE)
Job opportunities.

Improved life of living e.g quality of life.

Tapping into overseas opportunities/Joint ventures.

1.3 CATEGORY OF PROJECTS

Infrastructure projects e.g bridge, road construction, railway
track and etc
Housing/domestic projects
Industrial projects e.g factory, warehouse and etc
Commercial projects e.g shopping complex, shop houses,
hotel and etc
Mega Projects e.g airport, tower and etc.
Social/Community projects e.g surau/mosque, charity projects
and etc

1.4 PARTIES INVOLVED

1.4 PARTIES INVOLVED IN

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

1.4 PARTIES INVOLVED IN

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

1.4 PARTIES INVOLVED IN

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

1.4.1 CLIENT
(ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES)
Private/Public/Individual
Normally the person or party who wishes to have development
project constructed on a piece of land which he either own or has
the authority to do so.
The owner / developer / client appoint various consultants,
employ contractors and supply the necessary fund to implement
the project.
Government is the largest single owner and developer of
construction projects in the country particularly in the
infrastructural projects such as roads, bridges, dams, power
stations, ports, harbor, air field, water works and etc. The
government usually build for public amenities however, private
sector more to commercial projects such as housing, industrial,
shop houses and etc. Private sector of housing developers who
build housing units need to be licensed under the Housing
Developers (Control & Licensing) Act 1966.
Responsible on the budget/payment and also execute the work.
BACK

1.4.2 CONSULTANT
(ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES)
ARCHITECT
Prepare conceptual, layout, construction site plans and presentation
drawing.
Design and prepare architectural drawing by considering esthetical
value, both at the exterior and interior of the project.
Conduct project brief according to the client requests.
Supervised construction works that are carried out by the contractor
so that it comply with the work procedure that has been set in the
architectural drawing.
Coordinate working drawing for civil engineering and structural works
and electrical and mechanical drawing so that it follows the clients
requirement as well as to obtain approval from the authority.
Provide advisory and technical guidance to the contractor.
Is a person who practices the profession of architecture and its
registrable under the architect act 1967 (LAM).
Be advisor to the client.
Leads design team and building team.

BACK

1.4.2 CONSULTANT (CONTINUE)

ENGINEERS :-

1.4.2 CONSULTANT
(ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES)
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER

Responsible for engineering design and analysis entry - level.

Structural engineers may design the individual structural elements of
a structure. For example the beams, columns, floors of a building.
More experienced engineers would be responsible for the structural
design and integrity of an entire system such as a building.

CIVIL ENGINEER

Plan,construct and maintain every construction aspect such as

building, highway, road, bridge, railway track, irrigation and drainage
system, sewerage system, airport, tunnel, and etc.
Conduct feasibility studies.
Carry out analysis and structural design for the project.
Prepare structural and detail drawings.
Make a perfect to any deficiency and maintenance of the
construction site work.
Ensure the construction works comply with the specification and
standard of the UNIFORM BUILDING BY LAWS 1984.

1.4.2 CONSULTANT
(ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES)
MECHANICAL ENGINEER

Prepare a design and layout of building mechanical system, pump

system, air condition system, fire requirement and fire prevention
system.
Ensure the designed system comply with the standard specification and
obtain approval from Fire and Rescue Department.
Carry out work related to electromechanical component connections
during and after the building completed.
Prepare and decide the types of machine required to be used in the
construction process.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEER

Design the wiring system and electrical installation for building, road
lighting and exterior perimeter of the building.
Design telephone line system, communication coverage, building
security system and multimedia system.
Design and install standby generator system.
Carry out electrical maintenance work when the building is just
completed and ready to be built.
Manage and supervise project and electrical installation work.
BACK

1.4.2 CONSULTANT
(ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES)

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT
Who practice the profession of landscaping
architecture involving beautification of the
project internally and or externally by using plant
of all kinds, rocks and other suitable materials
and structure to achieve the objective of
landscaping and beautification.

BACK

1.4.2 CONSULTANT
(ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES)

INTERIOR DESIGNER
Who practice the profession of Interior
Designing involving furnishing and
finishing work usually for prestigious
building.

BACK

1.4.2 CONSULTANT
(ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES)
QUANTITY SURVEYOR
Prepare and check project cost estimation and control total
expenditure.
Prepare and check tender document, manage tender award, issue
tender form and tender opening as well as carry out awarding
process and receiving tender.
Prepare tender evaluation report for tender board.
Prepare progress payment and final account of the project.

BAC
K

1.4.2 CONSULTANT
(ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES)

LAND SURVEYOR
Obtain complete information about project location from
Land Office for preparation of key plan, site plan, ownership
and others.
Begin Land Surveying work to determine the area, boundary
and the levels.
Prepare contour and site plans for planning and construction
of engineering project such as irrigation and drainage
system, housing and highway, passage for drain and
channels and also for electric cable and airport.
Obtain key plan, site plan, ownership and approval from
District Land Office.
BACK

1.4.3 BUILDERS/CONTRACTOR
(ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES)
Main Contractor
Is a group or individual that contracts with another organization
or individual (the owner) for the construction or renovation of a
building, road or structure.
Employed by the client on the advice of the architect, by
nomination or competitive tendering. They are required to
administer the construction programme within the architects
direction.
Interacts with the Architect.
Gathers and Evaluates bids.
Coordinates specialty contractors.
Provides skilled labor
Answer questions and resolves issues.
Arrange for permits and the associated Inspections.

1.4.3 BUILDERS/CONTRACTOR
(ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES)

Nominated Sub Contractor (NSC)

Engaged by the client or architect for specialist construction or
installation work e.g lifts, air conditioning and etc.
Who sign their respective sub-contracts with the main contractor and
perform their respective duties and responsibilities under subcontracts.
NSC are numerous and varied depending on the nature, magnitude
and scope of the project. They are generally as follows :

Piling sub contractors

Plumbing sub contractors
Air Conditioning sub contractors
Lift and escalator sub contractors
Fire Fighting and fire prevention sub contractors
Electrical sub contractors

Domestic Sub Contractor

Employed by the main contractor to assist with the general
construction, e.g ground workers and etc.

BACK

1.4.4 MANPOWER

The categories of manpower required as follows :Unskilled workers

Unskilled workers are those who do not possess skill in any building trades but are
working on construction sites performing such basic functions as carrying materials,
cleaning debris, cleaning site office and other general work as may be directed.
Semi skilled workers
Are those who possess skill of one or more construction trades but have not attained the
requisite level of skillfulness to be paid as skilled workers, although on other occasions
they can be perform some skilled work independently.
Skilled workers
Are those who possess skillfulness of works and to be paid as skilled workers. With the
growing complexity of construction equipment, the use of new materials and the
introduction of new construction methods, it is necessary for them to appreciate not only
how, but also why they work .

1.5 SITE ORGANIZATION CHART

EXAMPLE 1

1.5 SITE ORGANIZATION CHART

PROJECT DIRECTOR

SENIOR PROJECT
MANAGER
Site Agent 1
Site Agent 2

CONSTRUCTION
MANAGER
BLOK A

QA/QC

Site
Engineer

Storekeepe
r

Site
Supervisor
Safety
Officer

PROJECT COORDINATOR

CONSTRUCTION
MANAGER
BLOK B

1.6 CONSTRUCTION STAGES

CONSTRUCTION
PROCESS