Literacy Rate

Employment
Rate
National Output

 Literacy Rate
Employment
Rate
National Output

GDP
&
GNI

GDP
Gross Domestic
Product

The value of all final goods

and services produced in
the country within a given
period.
(Dornbusch et al., 2011)

PxQ
Price x
Quantity

The total market-value of

production realized by
resident producers in an
economic territory.

GNP/GNI
(Gross National Product/
Gross National Income)
The total value of income earned by
residents of a country regardless where the
income came from.
*Remittances of OFW are not part of the
GDP but are accumulated for in GNI.

Methods of Calculating GDP

& GNI
Value-Added/Production Approach
by Industrial Origin
Expenditure Approach
Income Approach
(wages+interest+rents+profits)

Methods of Calculating GDP

& GNI
1. Production Approach /by
industrial origin
calculates the GDP based on
industrial origin wherein the
domestic economy is divided into 3
productive sectors : a.) agriculture,
fishery, and forestry b.) industry;
and c.) services. This approach
sums up the value added
contribution of each sector to

Gross Domestic Product in 2005

(in php million at constant 1985 prices)

by Industrial Origin

Agriculture,
Fishery,
& Forestry
Industry

229, 151

Services

574, 442

GDP

1,204,
533

Source:

400, 940

Gross National Income in 2005

( in php million at costant 1985 prices)

Agriculture, Fishery,
& Forestry
Industry
AFF

229, 151

Services

574, 442

GDP
NFI
GNI

=
P
GD
S
+
+I

=
I
N
G
I
F
N

400,940

+
1,204,533
P
D
G
101, 002

1,305,
535

2. Expenditure Approach

- sums up consumption
expenditures of households,
government consumption,
investment or capital formation, &
exports less imports. This approach
yields GDP by type of expenditure.

By Type of Expenditure
GDP in 2005
(in php million at constant 1985 prices)
Personal Consumption
Expenditure

+
G
+
Capital Formation
I
+
C
Exports
=
D
P
S
Imports GD
+
)
M
Statistical Discrepancy
(X
Government Consumption

GDP

www.nscb.gov.ph

947, 799

76, 465
225, 601
541, 982
630, 181
42, 867
1, 204,
533

By Type of Expenditure
GNI in 2005
(in php million at constant 1985 prices)
Personal Consumption
Expenditure

+
G
+
Capital Formation
I
+
C
=
P
Exports GD
D
S
+
)
Imports (X-M
Government Consumption

Statistical Discrepancy
GDP

947, 799

76, 465
225, 601
541, 982
630, 181
42, 867

NFI

1, 204,
533
101, 002

GNI

1, 305, 535

www.nscb.gov.ph

INDUSTRIAL ORIGIN
Agriculture,
Fishery,
& Forestry

229, 151

Industry

400, 940

Services

GDP

NFI

574, 442

1,204,533

101, 002

EXPENDITURE
APPROACH
Personal
Consumption
Expenditure
Government
Consumption

1,305,535

76, 465

Capital
Formation

225, 601

Exports

541, 982

Imports

630, 181

Statistical
Discrepancy
GDP

GNI

947, 799

42, 867
1,204,533

NFI

101,002

GNI

1,305,535

The national accounts of the Philippines, 2007

Item

in billion pesos
(at current prices)

Imports of Goods & Services

2,802.7

Industry

2,107.3

Personal Consumption Expenditure

4,611.9

Services

3,604.5

Net Factor Income

601.08

Gross Domestic Capital Formation

1,013.9

Exports of Goods & Services

2,833.6

Agriculture, Fishery, & Forestry

936.4

Statistical Discrepancy

344.8

Government Consumption Expenditure

646.7

Source: NSCB (2008a), NSCB

Using GDP or GNI to gauge a nations economic health

GNI/GDP at current prices or Nominal

GNI/GDP
-measures the value of output in a given period in the prices
of that period, or, as it is sometimes put in current currency.
(Dornbusch et al., 2011).

Real GNI/GDP or GNI/GDP at constant prices

-measures changes in physical output in the economy

between different time periods by valuing all goods
produced in the two periods at the same time. (Dornbusch et
al., 2011).

REAL
GNI=

Nominal GNIX 100

GNI Deflator

measures the cost of a given

bundle of goods in one year
relative to the cost of the same
bundle of goods in the base year

Per capita
GNI at Current Prices

GNI at Current
Prices
Total
Population

GNI at Constant
Prices

GNI at Constant
Prices
Total
Population

Selected measures of Philippines economic

performance,
2006-2007
Item

2006
2007

GNI at Current Prices (billion pesos)

6,532.104
7,249.28

GNI at 1985 Constant Price (billion

pesos)

1).

GNI Deflator

2).

511.86
528.89

Population (million persons)

86.97
88.71

Per capita GNI at Current Prices (in

pesos)
Per capita GNI at 1985 Prices (in
pesos)

3).
5).

4).
6).

Details may not add up due to rounding

Source: Retrieved October 15, 2009 from http:// www.nscb.gov.ph/secstat/
d_accoounts.asp

GNI in local currency

GNI in US Dollars=
Exchange Rate

7,249.28
50.84
GNI in US
Dollars
(billion)

= 142.6

Measures of economic performance for selected

countries, 2007
Item

GNI (in billion US

dollars
Population (in millions)

India

Philippines

Lithuania

1,069.4

142.6

33.5

1,123

88.71

GNI per capita

(in US dollars)

Details may not due to rounding.

Source of basic data: World Bank (2009).

Measures of economic performance for selected

countries, 2007
Item

India

Philippines

Lithuania

1,069.4

142.6

33.5

Population (in millions)

1,123

88.71

GNI per capita

(in US dollars)

952.27

GNI (in billion US

dollars)

Details may not due to rounding.

Source of basic data: World Bank (2009).

1,607.
49

11,166.
67

To adjust for price differences across

countries, GNI measured domestic
currency is divided by the so-called
PURCHASING POWER PARITY
EXCHANGE RATE

(PPP exchange rate). The result is called

PPP adjusted GNI. Dividing the outcome by
the population generates an estimate of
PPP adjusted per capita GNI. ( Bello et. al, 2009)

Per capita GNI of selected countries, 2007

Country

In US dollars

PPP Adjusted

China

2,360

5,370

Germany

38,860

33,820

India

952

2,740

Japan

37,670

34,600

Lithuania

11,167

17,180

Philippines

1,607

3,730

Singapore

32,470

48,520

Thailand

3,400

7,880

Source of basic data: World Bank (2009).

Per capita GNI of selected countries, 2007

Country

In US dollars

PPP Adjusted

China

2,360

5,370

Germany

38,860

33,820

India

952

2,740

Japan

37,670

34,600

Lithuania

11,167

17,180

Philippines

1,607

3,730

Singapore

32,470

48,520

Thailand

3,400

7,880

Source of basic data: World Bank (2009).