ITT Project

On Introduction to Computers...

To Faridabad
Branch Of ICAI

Geetanjali Solanki
NRO 0305701
Batch No: 162

Topics to be
Covered:
Introduction to
computers
Characteristics of
Computers
The Computers Systems

ACKNOWLEDEMENT

INTRODUCTION
TO
COMPUTERS

What is computer?
A computer is an
Electronic device capable
of performing Arithmetic
and Logical operation. It
can also store a large
volume of Information.

Arithmetic Operations
Involve the general mathematical
calculation like addition,
subtraction, multiplication and
division.

Logical Operations
Involve comparison like > < =
etc.

How does Computers

work?
Input
Proces
s
Output

INPUT :

PROCES
S:
OUTPUT:

Consists of DATA & INSTRUCTION.

Is a set of instruction stored in the

computers to carry out the instructions
given by the user. The process is also
called PROGRAM

Is the set of results generated after

processing the Input.

CHARACTERISTIC
S
OF
COMPUTER

Characteristics of
Computers
SPEED
STORAGE
ACCURACY
VERSATILITY
AUTOMATION
DILIGENCE

SPEED
The speed with which the computer
work can be understood by the
units of measurement of time
within a computer. They are:

NANO SECOND

1/ 1000TH OF A MICRO SECOND

PICO SECOND

1/ 1000TH OF A NANO SECOND

MILLI SECOND
MICRO SECOND

1/ 1000TH OF A SECOND
1/ 1000TH OF A MILLI SECOND

STORAGE:
As already discussed a computer
can store a large volume of
information.
The factors to be considered for
storage are:
RETREIVAL IMMEDIATE
SPACE VERY LITTLE
MEDIA MAGNETIC MEDIA
LONGIVITY FOR EVER

ACCURCCY
The accuracy of the computers is
consistently high. Errors in the
machinery may occur, but due
to efficient error-detecting
techniques, these very seldom
lead to wrong results.
Errors in computing are due to
human rather than technological
weaknesses.

VERSATILITY
Computers seem capable of
performing any task, provided
the task can be broken to a series
of logical steps.
The computer actually performs :
Exchanges information
Transfers data
Performs arithmetical
operations.
Performs operations of

AUTOMATION
Once a program to perform a
particular task is stored in the
computer, the individual
instructions in the program are
carried out one after the other
automatically to complete the task.
Hence the user requires to just press
certain keys and give the data
input. The data is automatically
processed to produce the output.

DILIGENCE
Being a machine, a computer does
not suffer from the human traits of
tiredness and lack of concentration.
If 5 million calculations are to be
performed, it will perform all of
them, even the last on with exactly
the same accuracy and speed.
Some computers which are constantly
on for hours, days, months and
years are never switched off.

COMPUTER
SYSTEM

Computers System
A system of interconnected
computers that share a central
storage system and various
peripheral devices such as a
printers, scanners or routers.
Each computer connected to the
system can operate
independently, but has the ability
to communicate with other
external devices and computers.

COMPUTER
SYSTEM consists of :
central processing unit
(CPU)
Primary storage
Secondary storage
Input devices
Output devices

Working of Computer system:

 The

computer system has one

or more inputs to provide data.
This data is then processed in
some way.
The outcome of the processing
is sent to an output or it may
stored until some event
happens to cause it to be output.

For

processing to take place

, there needs to be a set of
instruction of what needs to
be done. This set of
instruction is called
program.
This system is called a
stored program computer.

Categories of Computers

Micro computers
Personal Computers, Desktop computers
Notebook, Laptop, Palmtop
Use by one person at a time

Mini computers
Faster speed
Many users at the same time

Mainframe computers
High computation power

Super Computers
Highest computation power
Used for scientific research & Defence.

Micro Computers
Micro computers are the smallest
computer system. The size range
from calculator to desktop size.
Its CPU is microprocessor. It is
also known as Grand child
Computer.

Mini Computers
They are also small general
purpose system. They are
generally more powerful and
most useful as compared to micro
computers. Mini computers are
also known as Mid range
computers or Child Computers.

Mainframe Computers
Mainframe computers are those
computers that offer faster
processing and greater storage
area. The word main frame
comes from the mental frames. It
is also known as Father
Computers.

Super Computers
Super computers are those which
are designed for scientific job like
whether forecasting and artificial
intelligence etc. They are fastest
and expensive. A super
computers contains a number of
CPU which operates in parallel to
make it faster. It is also known as
Grand Father Computers.