Organization

of
Life

Living things may be

composed of one cell, but
there are others which are
multicellulars.

UNICELLULAR ORGANISM
Unicellular organism is living things which
consisting of one cell or having only one
cell.

Amoeba sp.

Chlamydomonas sp.

Paramaecium sp.
Peridinium sp.

Ceratium sp.

Mammalian Egg
Sperm
Cumulus
Ovum
(egg)
Plasma
membrane
A Mammalian Egg Is Surrounded by Barriers to Sperm This
human egg is protected by the cumulus and zona pellucida, both of which
sperm (shown here in blue) must penetrate to fertilize the egg.Only one
sperm will penetrate the zona pellucida.

MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM
Multicellular organism is living things which
consisting of more than one cell.

Baboon

Plant in the forest

ORGANIZATION OF LIFE
IN MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM
CELL

TISSUE

ORGANS

ORGAN SYSTEM

MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM

CELL
A basic unit of living matter separated from
its environment by a plasma membrane or
cell membrane.
Cell is the smallest part of a living thing
which is fully alive.
the fundamental structural unit of life.

Structures of a Prokaryotic Cell

Cell wall
Plasma
membrane
Nucleoid
Cytosol
Ribosome

Image from Invitation to Biology fifth edition by Curtis & Barnes

The Structures of a Eukaryotic Cell

Nucleus
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Golgi vesicles
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes

Animal Cell
Image from WH Freeman (www.whfreeman.com/lodish5e).

Structures of a Plant Cell

Plastid
(1) Chloroplasts
(2) Storage Plastid

Vacuoles

Image from Biology by R. Berstein and S. Berstein.

Cell Model

Cell Membrane
Cell membrane has the function of protecting cell
content and being the medium of the delivery
process of cell materials.
A membrane is a mosaic of phospholipids,
proteins, and carbohydraste
Carbohydrate
phospholipids
protein
Steroid (Cholesterol)

Cell Wall
A cell wall only exists in plants. This shell is
stiff and the stiffness forms a cell.
It is located in the outer part of a cell
membrane.
In the case of plant cells, the wall is formed
of cellulose fibers embedded in a
polysaccharide-protein matrix.

Chloroplast
Chloroplast is an organelle that can only be
found in plant cells. Inside a chloroplast
there is chlorophyll

3D of Chloroplast
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
Thylakoid

Lamella
Granum

Stroma

Chlorophyll, space-filling model

A green pigment located within
the chloroplasts of plants;
chlorophyll a can participate
directly in the light reactions,
which convert solar energy to
chemical energy.

Chromosome

Chromosome exists inside the nucleus.

A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the
nucleus.
Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA
molecule and associated proteins. See chromatin.

Suparno,S.Pd.
SMP N 1 Cilacap

CELL to DNA
DNA :
Deoxyribose
Nucleic
Acid

Histones Protein

Nucleus
Nucleus controls all cell activities and
contains chromosomes.

Nucleolus
A specialized structure in the nucleus,
formed from various chromosomes and
active in the synthesis of ribosomes.

Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm has a gel-like form (thick).
All organelle can be found in cytoplasm.

Mitochondrion
An organelle in eukaryotic cells that
serves as the site of cellular respiration.
An activity of cell usually involves some
mitochondria.

Nucleus Membrane
Nucleus membrane is a part which
protects the nucleus and a place for
nucleus material traffic.

Endoplasmic Reticulum
An extensive
membranous network
in eukaryotic cells,
continuous with the
outer nuclear
membrane and
composed of
ribosome-studded
(rough) and ribosomefree (smooth) regions.

Ribosome
A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus,
functioning as the site of protein synthesis in
the cytoplasm.

Golgi Apparatus
An organelle in
eukaryotic cells
consisting of stacks
of flat membranous
sacs that modify,
store, and route
products of the
endoplasmic
reticulum.

Vacuole
Vacuole stores food and other chemical
material.
A membrane-enclosed sac taking up most of
the interior of a mature plant cell and
containing a variety of substances important
in plant reproduction, growth, and
development.

Organization of a cell
The cells of an organism are various in size
and shape
Leukocyte cells can change shape.
Erythrocyte cells have a disc-like and
flat shape; this will ease erythrocyte in
flowing inside the narrow blood artery.

Nerve cells are

spreading, long and
smooth have the function
to send nervous
impulses to our body

PLANT CELLS
FIBER CELL

PHLOEM CELL

TRACEID CELL

VASCULAR TISSUE

(X-S) STEM OF ANGIOSPERM

PLANTS TISSUE
Upper Epidermis

Xylem

Lower Epidermis

Phloem

LEAF ORGAN

Human Tissue

Epithelial Tissue

Muscular Tissue

Nervous Tissue

Connective Tissue

Hard Bond

Blood Tissue

Hyaline Cartilage

Adipose Tissue

Collagens Fibers

Ligament

Skeletal Tissue

HEART

Suparno,S.Pd.
SMP N 1 Cilacap

HUMAN ORGAN SYSTEM

No

Sistem Organ

Organ penyusun

Fungsi

1.

Sistem
pencernaan/Digesti

Mulut, kerongkongan,
lambung, usus halus, usus
besar,anus, hati, kantung
empedu, pan-kreas

2.

Sistem Pernapasan/
Respirasi

Hidung,
paru

3.

Sistem peredaran
darah/Transportasi

jantung, arteri, vena, kapiler,

pembuluh
ge-tah
bening,
kelenjar limfe

mengedarkan
mengang-kut
zat
makanan, oksigen. Melindungi tubuh
dari bibit penyakit, mengeluarkan zat
sisa ( CO2, uap air, dll)

4.

Sistem pengeluaran/
ekskresi

Kulit, paru-paru, ginjal, dan

hati

Mengeluarkan zat sisa/ sampah ke

luar
dari
tubuh.
Menjaga
keseimbangan cairan di sekitar sel.

Sistem koordinasi

otak,
sumsum
tulang
belakang, alat indera, dan
hormon

Menerima dan merespon rangsang

dari lingkungan, mengatur aktivitas
tubuh.

6.

Sistem reproduksi

Testis,
ovarium,
kantong semen

Untuk proses perkem-bangbiakan

7.

Sistem gerak

Rangka & otot tubuh

tenggorokan,

paru-

uterus,

Mencernakan makanan agar dapat

diserap dan digunakan oleh sel-sel
tubuh.
Memperoleh
atau
menyediakan
oksigen
dan
me-ngeluarkan
karbondiok-sida dan uap air.

Memberi bentuk tubuh, pelindung

tubuh, alat gerak .