Chapter 8

Describing Places

Whats on this chapter?

Prepositio
n of Place

Degree of
Comparis
on

Adverbial
Phrases

Participle
Phrases

Grammar
Focus
Writing a
Writing a
Descriptive
Descriptive
Text
Text

Compound
Adjectives

Grammar Focus

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To be and to have
To be is followed by complement. The
complement can be adjective and adverb of
place.
To has / to have is followed by noun or noun
phrase.
Has is for singular subject.
Have is for plural subject.

Preposition of Place
A preposition links nouns, pronouns and
phrases to other words in a sentence.
Kinds

Usage

Example

in

room, building, street

book, paper
car, taxi
picture, world

in the
bedroom
in the book
in a taxi
in the world

at

next to/by an object

for table
for events
place where you are to do
something

at
at
at
at

the door
the table
a concert
the cinema

Next

Continue .
Kinds
on

Usage
attached
being on a surface
for a certain side
right)

Example
the picture on the
wall
(left, on the table
on the left

by,
left or right of somebody or Jane is standing by
next to,
something
the car.
beside
under

on the ground, lower than The bag is under

something else
the table.

below

lower than something else The fish are below

but above ground
the surface.

Back

Next

Continue .
Kinds
over

Usage
covered by something else
getting to the other side

Home

Example
put a jacket over
your shirt
walk over the
bridge

to

movement to person/place
for bed

go to the cinema
go to bed

into

enter a room/building

go into the kitchen

towards movement in the direction

of something

go 5 steps towards
the house

onto

movement to the top of

something

jump onto the table

from

in the sense of where from

flower from the

garden

Degree of Comparison

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Positive
big
tall
long
beautiful
interesting
good
bad
little

Comparative
bigger
taller
longer
more beautiful
more
interesting
better
worse
less

Superlative
biggest
tallest
longest
most beautiful
most
interesting
best
worst
least

Adverbial Phrases

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Adverbial of time:
for, since, in, on, by and during, e.g. I will
do itin a minute.
Adverbial of place:
in, near, along, at and on, e.g. You couldn't
parkanywhere near the place.

Participle Phrases

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The present participle can be used to

replace clause in the active voice, e.g.
Visitors, coming to Borobudur, increase 25
per cent.
The past participle can be used to replace a
relative clause in the passive voice, e.g. The
Thames River, situated between East
London and West London, flows into the sea.

Compound Adjectives

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The building opposite to the bank is a

two-story shop. (It means: the shop has
two stories.)
The five-bedroom bungalow (It means:
the bungalow that has five bedrooms.)
A smoking-compartment (It means: a
compartment for people to smoke)

Writing a Descriptive Text

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Paragraph 1:
Begin your descriptive text with the
identification. Create a clear identification
like name, location, use the relating verbs,
simple present tense and adjectives.
Paragraph 2, 3, 4 and ....:
Continue your writing by mentioning parts of
the place, quality of the place, make a
comparison with another, characteristics of
the
place
and
add
some
additional
information.