Introduction To The Finite Element Method (NISA) JSK

Introduction to the Finite Element Method
(Software: NISA)
Motivation , General Concepts and Tutorial
Jeetender Singh Kushawaha
The Finite Element Method (FEM) is:

[Generally
speaking]
a powerful computational technique
for the solution of differential and
integral equations that arise in various
fields of engineering and applied
sciences;
[Mathematically]
a
generalization of the classical

variational (Ritz) and weighted-residual
(Galerkin, least-squares, etc.) methods.
Introduction to the Finite Element

Method by Jeetender Singh
Kushawaha
Motivation
Most
of the real problems:
are
defined on domains that are geometrically

complex, may have different boundary
conditions on different portions of the
boundary.
Therefore,
it is usually impossible (or difficult):

1. To find a solution analytically (so one must
resort to approximate methods),
2.
To generate approximation functions
required in the traditional variational methods.
An answer to these problems is a finiteelement approach.
Kushawaha
Main concept of FEM

A
given domain can be viewed as an

assemblage of simple geometric
shapes, called finite elements, for
which
it
is
possible
to
systematically
generate
the
approximation functions.

Kushawaha
Remarks:
The
approximation functions are also called

shape functions or interpolation functions
since they are often constructed using
ideas from interpolation theory.
The finite element method is a piecewise (or
element-wise) application of the variational
and weighted-residual methods.
For a given BVP, it is possible to develop
different finite element approximations (or
finite element models), depending on the
choice of a particular variational and weightedresidual formulation.
Kushawaha
Finite Elements the concept 1

Basic
principle: building a complicated

object with simple blocks (e.g. LEGO) or
divide a complicated object into
manageable small pieces.
Example:
approximation of an area of a
circle
Area
of one triangle:
Area of the circle:
Kushawaha
Finite Elements the concept 2

How
to proceed in FEM analysis:
1.Divide
structure into pieces

2.Describe
behavior of the physical
quantities in each element
3.Connect (assemble) the elements at the
nodes to form an approximate system of
equations for the whole structure
4. Solve the system of equations involving
unknown quantities at the nodes (e.g.
displacements)
5.Calculate desired quantities (e.g. strains
and stresses) at selected elements
Kushawaha
Finite Elements Why?
FEM
allows discretization of bodies with

arbitrary shapes. Originally designed for
problems in static elasticity.
FEM is the most widely applied computer
simulation method in engineering.
The required grid generation techniques are
interfaced with graphical techniques (CAD).
Today numerous commercial FEM software
is available (e.g. ANSYS,ABAQUS, NISA, etc.)
Kushawaha
Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)

1. Geometry Creation
Creation of grids
Creation of lines
Creation of patches
2. Material Property
3. Physical Properties
4. Mesh generation
5. Node Management
6. Boundary conditions
Displacement
7. Loads
8. Type of analysis- executive
9. Title
10. Load Case
11. Print Control
12. Save files
13. Static analysis
Execute the NISA file
14. Post Processing
26.dat
15. Deformations

Kushawaha

Launch the software using desktop ICON

Kushawaha
10

New window appears
Now click on DISPLAY IV

Kushawaha
11

New window appears
Close the Tip of he day Window

Kushawaha
12
Create grid using the grid

window

Kushawaha
13
Insert Grid point locations in grid window

Kushawaha
14

The Grid point 0/0/0 is displayed (Circled in RED color )
Similarly create other FOUR Grid Points

Kushawaha
15

The FOUR Grid points are visible (0/0/0, 0/10/0, 10/10/0, 10/0/0)
Now using LINE, create the

by Jeetender Singh
linesMethod
Kushawaha
16
The window icons change

Kushawaha
17
Using the LINE create the lines

Kushawaha
18

Two line created and similarly complete the four lines

Kushawaha
19

Create the patch using the lines

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20

The patch (1, shown in RED) is created using lines ( Shown in YELLOW)

Kushawaha
21

Enter Material propery FEM>FE model data> Material property
Next window opens

Kushawaha
22

Enter the material property E = 200 e 6 and Poisson ratio 0.3
Add > OK

Kushawaha
23

Enter Material propery FEM>FE model data> Property Data
Element is shell
PROP > new window opens

Kushawaha
24

Enter Thickness as 1 and select number of nodes as 8 > OK
Click OK on property dialogue box

Kushawaha
25

Now for mesh generation: FEM > Mesh > FEG option > Quadrilateral
New window opens

Kushawaha
26

Accept the defaults : Number of elements 3/3,
Click on element type and new window opens for
stiffness type
Select 2 D plane stress > OK
Select Patch > new window opens
Select Patch > new window opens

Kushawaha
27

Select the patch 1 created earlier
The patch changes color Right Click and

by new
Jeetender
Singh
Click Method
Create
window
opens
Kushawaha
28

Kushawaha
29

Select YES All and Cancel

Kushawaha
30
Now for node management: FEM > Nodes > Node Management> Merge N
New window opens

Kushawaha
31

Kushawaha
32

Select all Click OK > OK Yes All> Cancel

Kushawaha
33
Now for Boundary Conditions: FEM > Structural BC > Displacement > Add
New window opens

Kushawaha
34
Select BC data > new window opens

Kushawaha
35
Select All Zero > OK, Now Select Node IDs New window opens

Kushawaha
36
Select one by one the nodes on the left edge, Create > Yes all > Cancel
The nodes get yellow

Kushawaha
37
Now to apply load

Kushawaha
38
Apply load : FEM > Structural BC > Force/ Moment > Add on
nodes
New window opens

Kushawaha
39
Click on BC data New window opens

Kushawaha
40
Enter -500 I y qualifier > Click OK > Click on Node IDs

Kushawaha
41
Select the Right side nodes and arrows will be shown

> Click Create > Yes all > Cancel

Kushawaha
42
Now save the file using .dbs, .nis and .ses

Kushawaha
43
Enter the title of the Problem > OK

Kushawaha
44
Enter the print control; preview the selection and Click OK

Kushawaha
45
Enter the execution set up

Analysis/Static > Execution setup > new window opens > Run

Kushawaha
46
Run NISA > yes all > New window runs through > Type y and enter

Kushawaha
47
The file is executed and the message displayed

Kushawaha
48
Now open the file 26.dat

Kushawaha
49

Kushawaha
50

Kushawaha
51

Introduction To The Finite Element Method (NISA) JSK

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Introduction to the Finite Element Method

Motivation , General Concepts and Tutorial

Jeetender Singh Kushawaha

The Finite Element Method (FEM) is:

generalization of the classical

Introduction to the Finite Element

of the real problems:

defined on domains that are geometrically

it is usually impossible (or difficult):

Main concept of FEM

given domain can be viewed as an

Introduction to the Finite Element

approximation functions are also called

Finite Elements the concept 1

principle: building a complicated

Finite Elements the concept 2

to proceed in FEM analysis:

structure into pieces

Finite Elements Why?

allows discretization of bodies with

Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)

Introduction to the Finite Element

Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)

Introduction to the Finite Element

Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)

Now click on DISPLAY IV

Introduction to the Finite Element

Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)

Close the Tip of he day Window

Introduction to the Finite Element

Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)

Create grid using the grid

Introduction to the Finite Element

Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)

Insert Grid point locations in grid window

Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)

Similarly create other FOUR Grid Points

Introduction to the Finite Element

Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)

Now using LINE, create the

Introduction to the Finite Element

Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)

The window icons change

Introduction to the Finite Element

Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)

Using the LINE create the lines

Introduction to the Finite Element

Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)

Introduction to the Finite Element

Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)

Introduction to the Finite Element

Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)

Introduction to the Finite Element

Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)

Next window opens

Introduction to the Finite Element

Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)

Introduction to the Finite Element

Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)

PROP > new window opens

Introduction to the Finite Element

Steps of finite element analysis (NISA)