Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
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Operationalization of HRM
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Thecompanytobecompetitive,mustbeabletooffer,
inasustainableway,morevaluetotheircustomers.
Theformulationofbusinessstrategyshouldbeguided
by the mission and objectives of the company and
basedonacarefulanalysisoftheenvironmentandof
thecompanyitself
Business constraints:
Globalization
Intensification of Competitiveness
Customer demand
CLASSICALAPPROACH(LATE30)
Thephenomenonoflargeorganizationisnewandrelativelylow;
Thetechnologiesofproductionareincipient;
Theexpansionofmarketsbegintohaveamajorimpact;
Discoveringtheoptimalrulesofoperation;
Organization as a closed system, technologically centered and
whosesolepurposeisthesearchofefficiencyseenasafunction
ofoptimizationofthetechnicalsystem;
Theindividualmustadapttothe'machinery'shouldlaminateitso
that they can, with automatic, complement it and contribute
decisivelytotheoptimizationofthetechnicalsystem;
ScientificManagement(Taylor)
TheschoolhaditsoriginintheU.S.A.
His concern was to increase business productivity by increasing the
levelofeffectivenessandefficiencyoftheworkers.
Thisschoolputstheemphasisontasksconcerningitselfwith:
Theworkingmethod
Themovementsrequiredtoperformthetasks;
Thestandardtimeforthetask.
Taylor started as a factory worker in 1878, later passing to overseer
foreman, chief of workshops and finally engineer, registered some 50
patentsforinventionsinmachinery,toolsandworkprocesses;
way,andaccordingtothebestwaythereistodoso;
2.Incumbent upon the Administration to make a careful study of the
laboroftheworkerandestablishthebestwaytoexecuteit;
3.Thesupervisorisresponsibilityofmonitorandcontroltheworker,the
workerisresponsiblesolelytoperformthework;
4.The work has better results and it becomes more economical, if all
movementsareeliminatedandtheusefulmovementssimplified.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Adaptationofworkerstothetask;
Greaterspecializationofworkers;
Greaterspecializationoftasks;
Improving the efficiency of labor. Efficiency is the relationship
between actual performance and the performance of the worker
previouslyestablished,withanefficiencyof100%
Theworkerwhoproducesmoremustbebetterpaid.
CRITICS
Mechanicalviewoftheman;
The Human beings are passive, without will, without initiative,
otherthanthemoney;
Excessivespecializationoftheworker;
Itdoesnotincludethehumanaspectsoftheorganization.
ClassicalTheoryofOrganization(Fayol)
The emphasis in the business analysis its structure, visualizing the
organization as a collection of parts or organs. Concerned primarily with the
analysisofthehierarchicalstructureoforganizationsputtingtheaccentonthe
commandlineinwhichalldependonorganizationalfunctioning;
Fayol Taylor
Man-Servant
Machine
Man -
BureaucraticModelofOrganization(Weber)
Seekstheperfectorganization
2.Inafunctioninghierarchywellestablished
3.withclearlydefinedcompetences
4..asaresultofacontractbasedonaopens(free)selection,according
5..
control.
"Man,theindividualintheorganization,mustbethepointofdeparture
andarrivalofanynormativeoranalysisoforganizationalfunctioning";
Thisshiftoffocusoftechnicalproduction-analysistowardsthesocial
system, has opened a whole new perspective on the functioning of
organizations;
Elton Mayo
Elton Mayo in the 20s developed a series of works which came to be known as the
"HawthorneExperience":
-Mayo chose two working groups that performed the same tasks. One worked under
variable light intensity and the other - the control group - worked under constant
intensity.
- The purpose of the experiment was to determine the effect of illumination on the
productivityoftheworkers;
-Whatwasobservedwasthattherewasnocorrelationbetweenthelightintensityand
productivitybutinthisinterfereothervariables,psychological;
-Itwasfoundthatproductionincreasedwhenworkersassumedthatthelightintensity
increasedandproductivityhasreduced,whentheyassumedthatthelightintensityas
diminish.
Elton Mayo
With Mayo the issues of motivation of individuals in the
organization and the impact of leadership style on
productivity, become central to the study of organizations;
Concepts such as informal organization (relationship, on
the sidelines of the established hierarchy, which is
generated spontaneously between individuals who are not
only workers but also people with personalities and
motivations that go far beyond its role in the organization)
and as Moral of workers (Indicator of motivational level of
the internal social system), have become key elements in
deep study and understanding of the functioning of any
organization.
Themanisseennotmerelyasaninternalelementoftheorganization
but as a whole - a human being with its own objectives and social
integration,whodoesnotabandon"atthecompany'sentry";
Themotivationofbehaviorandinterpersonalrelationshipsbecometobe
regardedasthetruekeytoproductionefficiency;
SYSTEMIC APPROACH
Itappearsinthemid60sasareactiontoTheOneBestWay
.
Inthistheorythebehavioroforganizationsdependsonthesituational
variables it is subject to, so according to the characteristics of its
surroundings, the technology that supports it, the size and
characteristics,theorganizationhastofindtheidealofmanagement.
Assumptions:
1.The organization must continually adapt to the changes: the organization,
areseenasbeingswithskillsandcapabilities,theorganizationwillprovidean
suitableenvironmentandtheabilityforworkerstoperforminit;
4.The
Exchangerelationshipbetweenthe
organizationanditsenvironment
organization
Exchangerelationshipbetween
InternalandExternalmarketing
Internal
Marketing
environment
TotheintegrationofthesetwotypesofMarketingwecall:
Integrated Marketing
Itistheperfectinterfacebetweenthetwosubsystemswhichallowsus
torespondeffectivelyandappropriatelytotheenvironment.
Exchangerelationsbetweenthesubsystemsand
organizationalenvironment
Changeinthe
environment
optimization
External
Marketing
Actionsinthe
externalmarket
Actionsinthe
internalmarket
Internal
Marketing
EfficientManagement
Decision
Anymanagementactionmustbesustainedinapreviousdiscussion
abouthowitwillbefeltinyourinternalandexternalmarket.