MOBILE

TECHNOLOGY
(CDMA)

Prepared
By :

HOW DOES A MOBILE

WORKS?
MULTIPLEXING

WHAT IS MULTIPLEXING?
Or multiple access
Number of users access and share same
Transmission medium
Bandwidth available for communication, at the
same time

Simply many signals are multiplied and

passed through a single transmission
channel

Multiplexing can be carried out in three ways :

Multiple access
FDMA

TDMA

CDMA

FDMA Frequency division multiple access

A base station is allowed to transmit on one or more

preassigned carrier frequencies and a mobile is allowed

to transmit on corresponding reverse channel.
No other base station or mobile within the same range
is allowed to use the same carrier or reverse channel
during the transaction period.

It is well suited for narrow band analogue system.

No precise co-ordination in time domain is
required.
Guard spacing between channels cause wastage of
frequency resources.
Transmission is continuous, so low battery life.

TDMA:- Time division multiple access

Communication takes place in the same channel

but is divided into different time slots.
A transmitter (base and mobile) can access one
or more channel during a particular time period.
Only one carrier at a particular instant of time.
Well suited for digital communication.
Transmission is in bursts so battery life is long.
Transmission rate is high as compared to that of FDMA .

Guard time between slots is necessary.

GSM is the best example of combination of

CDMA+TDMA. A channel gets certain frequency

band for a certain amount of time.

CDMA :-Code division multiple access

In this a large number of transmissions

are combined on the same RF-channel

at a same time but are separated by
codes.
It uses effective power control process.
Has anti-jam & security features.
Larger capacity over FDMA & TDMA.
Uses spread spectrum technology.
Better use of multipath.
Features frequency reuse.

Difference between FDMA,

TDMA, and CDMA.

Frequency reuse
A cell is defined as a hexagonal geographical area in

which in which a particular carrier channel is spread and

the channel is not used by the adjacent cells.
1
12
11

2
B

G
10

3
C
4

A
F

D
E

5
6

A
A
A

MULTIPATH

Multipath is to receive signals from various

sources.
CDMA uses multipath and only operates
on the strongest signal received.

SPREAD SPECTRUM
Increase the

bandwidth more than

requirement.
Bandwidth is spread
by means of a
code(64bit) which is
independent of the
data.
It immunates the
data interference.

CONCLUSION:
FAST NETWORK DEPLOYMENT.
REDUCED SERVICE INTERRUPTION.
HIGHER CAPACITY.
EASY TRANSITION TO MOBILE
SERVICES.

THANK YOU

QUERIES INVITED!!!!!!