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Lab Report On
Flow Over Flat Submitted
Plate in
Wind
to : Dr. A. R. Paul
Dr. V. K. Patel
Tunnel
Submitted by: Group 1
Overview
Objectives
Introduction
Apparatus
Test procedure
Approach
Calculations and results
Computational analysis
Observations
Objectives
To experimentally determine velocity profile on a smooth
flat plate at various distances.
Computational analysis of flow over flat plate inside a
subsonic wind tunnel.
Introduction
When real fluid flows past a solid body or a solid wall, the
fluid particles adhere to the boundary and condition of no slip
occurs.
This is the region where viscous forces are dominant.
Important terms in boundary layer
1. No slip condition
2. Laminar boundary layer
3. Transition boundary layer
4. Turbulent boundary layer
. Laminar sub layer
. Buffer layer
. Turbulent layer
1. Effuser:
.It is here that the model is placed is in the air stream leaving
the downstream end of the effuser and the required
observations are made.
. The working section consists of accessories to hold the
instruments and models and devices for facilitating the motion
of the model in all directions relative to airstream .
3. Diffuser
The function of the diffuser is to recover the kinetic energy of the airstream leaving the
working section efficiently as possible
Test section: length 50*.08*.30
4. Driving
unit:
Accessories
1) Pitot Static Tube
V : Velocity
Pt : Stagnation Pressure
Ps : Static pressure
: Density
3 ) Flat Plate :
A smooth flat surface to define a clear leading edge having
dimensions:
Length = 25 cm
Width = 5 cm
Thickness= 3 mm
Multitube
manometer
Flat Plate
Test Procedure
The flat smooth surface was kept on a stand firmly, at the test
section of the wind tunnel.
The wind tunnel was set up with a Pitot tube, and the flat plate is
made movable so that analysis could be made at different section
from the leading edge, attached to a multi-tube manometer to get
the pressure differentials.
Then the wind tunnel was turned on, and the manometer was
calibrated.
The pressure differentials readings were taken at 4 points within
the boundary layer gradually increasing y (distance measured
from the surface).
The pressure difference was noted carefully.
The test was repeated adjusting the pitot tube at 5, 10, 15, 20 cm
from the leading edge of the glass plate.
Approach
We have calculate the readings on the points(mentioned in
previous slide) and on four different velocities.
To reduce the no. of readings we have taken the help of
Minitab Software in which Taguchi method was used.
Number of parameters:
Velocity(u).
Distance from leading edge(x).
Distance from plate surface (y).
No. of levels used in each parameters = 4
Minitab result
The result of Taguchi method had been validated
from Minitab Software.
Experiment
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Velocity(m/s)
10
10
10
10
15
15
15
15
20
20
20
20
25
25
25
25
X distance(m)
.05
.10
.15
.20
.05
.10
.15
.20
.05
.10
.15
.20
.05
.10
.15
.20
Y distance(m)
.002
.004
.006
.008
.004
.002
.008
.006
.006
.008
.002
.004
.008
.006
.004
.002
Shortcomings of taguchi
Taguchi method is mainly used to reduced the no. of
experiments where few variables contribute significantly.
But in our experiments each of the variables have equal
contribution.
So taguchi method was not compatible with the objective
of our experiment as it was not providing the sufficient no.
of readings to plot a graph different variables.
Approach
Because of non applicability of taguchi we proceeded with
the calculation of 64 readings.
For that we have taken four velocities and for each velocity
there were four different x values and at each x velocities
were calculated at different y values.
1.5
y/
1
0.5
0
-0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5
u/U
x=.05m
x=0.1m
x=0.15m
x=0.20m
At u= 15m/s
1.6
1.4
1.2
at
at
at
at
1
y/ 0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
0.5
1
u/U
1.5
x=.05m
x=.10 m
x=.15 m
x=.20 m
At u= 20m/s
2.5
2
at
at
at
at
1.5
y/
1
0.5
0
0
0.5
1
u/U
1.5
x= .05 m
x= .10 m
x=.15 m
x=.20 m
At u= 25m/s
2.5
2
at
at
at
at
1.5
y/
1
0.5
0
-0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5
u/U
x=
x=
x=
x=
.05
.10
.15
.20
m
m
m
m
1.5
in mm
1
0.5
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
x in m
0.2
0.25
U=10m/s
U=15m/s
U=20m/s
U=25 m/s
Computational Analysis
Flat plate was analyzed for the above mentioned velocities
in Ansys Fluent. Velocity were calculated at the above
mentioned points.
Geometry:
Dimension for geometry were in accordance to the
laboratory apparatus-
Meshing :
Mesh was generated by sizing technique with bias near the plate resulting finer mesh. While coarse
was maintained away from the plate.
Mesh Details :
Statistics
Maximum value
Minimum value
Skewness
1.23E-2
1.30E-10
Aspect ratio
36.945
1.019
Orthogonality
0.33
Solver Settings:
Because of the turbulent flow standard k- epsilon model was used with
standard wall function for near wall treatment. With defaults constants
settings.
Boundary conditions:
At inlet: velocity inlet
Velocities given 10, 15, 20, 25 m/s
At outlet: pressure outlet
Gauge pressure zero Pascal.
Flat plate: wall
No slip and stationary.
Domain boundary: wall
No slip and stationary.
y 0
0
0
10
12
At 15 m/s
0
exp
com
y 0
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
U
At 20 m/s
0
0
exp
com
y 0
0
0
0
10
15
20
25
At 25 m/s
0
0
exp
com
y 0
0
0
0
10
15
U
20
25
30
Observations
With increase in axial distance from the leading edge , boundary
layer thickness increases .
With increase in velocity ,at same axial distance , Boudary layer
thickness decreases .
Total Pressure increase with increase in lateral height from
plate .
Static pressure remain constant throughout the domain except
at the leading edge .
Thank U