GIS Analysis For New Road Network Planning

Universit degli Studi di Padova
Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali
GIS analysis for new road network planning

Stefano Grigolato, Ewald Pertlik
Email: stefano.grigolato@unipd.it
Skype ID: stegrig
Belgrade - April 6-9,

2015 (Stefano Grigolato)
FAO Project Number: TCP/SRB/3401
Objective of the course

Evaluate the effect of the existing
forest road network layout on the
extraction costs (current situation)
Evaluate the effect of alternative
forest road network layout on the
extraction cost (post situation)

Current situation analysis

Required files:
Forest road [shapefile vector data]
Forest compartment and forest
stands [shapefile vector data]
Digital elevation model DEM or
Digital terrain model DTM [Raster or
image file .tif]

Open a new project or an exiting

project in ArcGIS
Save a new project
Open ArcGIS and save the new

project (1). In Map documents
properties (2) active the Store
relative pathnames to data
source . This final option is
useful when you transfer the
folder where he project is saved
to another computer.
Open an existing project

Add file or layer to the view

1) Add file
2) Look for your files

Add the road shapefile

Select road shapefile (1) and
click add (2)
1

The road layer

(1)
The shapefile of
the road is added
to the table of
content (1) and to
the view (2)

(2)
The road layer

(4)
A shapefile is a vector layer with an

attribute table (1)
To each element (2) corresponds a row (3)
Table has different column (field) (4) which
describe attributes (such as the length of
the element, type of the element type of
road)
(1)
(1)
(2)
Right click on the shapefile and select Open attributes table

Modify the legend of the

layer Different possibility for
managing the layer select
Symbology (3)
(3)
Double left click on the

shapefile (or layer) and
open the layer properties
(1)
Layer properties appears

on the screen (2)


layer
(1)
Different Symbology option

To categorize road according to the type o
surface you need to select Categories (1
Choose the corresponding field (the colum
in the table) for identifying the Kategoria
of the roads (2)
(2)

10

layer
Add all the values of the field Kategoria (1)

Double click on each line (2) to modify the color and size by the window
(2)
(3)
(1)

11

layer
(1)
Modify name of the Label (1) by entering new text

12
Add other layers
For example:
Skidding trail
Forest management plan

13
Add the Terrain Model DTM

(raster data)
(1)
(2)

14
DTM layer (raster data)

Terrain model DTM is the
representation of the terrain (each
cell pixel of the raster -reports the
altitude of the terrain. Resolution can
range from 2 m (high resolution) to
100 m (low resolution) or more
Modify the color of the legend as you

like by Symbology (1) on the layer
properties
DTM is a continuous raster layer; you
can show the legend by stretch style
(2) change color by 4) or crate interval
class of altitude by classifying (3) the
data in classes
1
3

15
!!! Before !!! look is spatial analysis extension

is activate
Hill shade
1
Add to the view the

toolbox (1); look for
Spatial analysis tools
(2) and open surface
tool (3); click on
hillshade (4)
Terrain model DTM

3
4
Folder and name where you save the

hillshade file (remember .tif extension
after the name you choose)
results
16
Calculate the extraction cost over

the forest area
STEP 1
Data:
Forest road network
Forest compartment
DTM (digital elevation model optional)

17
STEP 1
Path distance calculation

1
2
3
Set the parameter:

input feature is road
network (1); output is
name and folder
destination of the file
you create (2); in
input surface insert
DTM (terrain) to
correct distance by
Belgrade
slope
(3) - April 6-9,
Set the environment

parameters of the
analysis (4) (open a new
window)
18
STEP 1
1
Select the DTM for
setting the analysis
with the same
extension of the DTM
(terrain model) (1); Set
the cell size (pixel) of
the analysis (2) by
selecting the DTM file
from the drop list; Set
the mask (the area
where you perform the
analysis, use the DTM
terrain model) (3); click
ok and return to the
previous windows, click
ok again and the
processing analysis will
start
2
3
19
Correct the distance into a

realistic extraction distance
STEP 1
When ground base system is used, the

extraction distance can be corrected to be a
more realistic extraction distance.
Multiply the previous distance (linear
distance) by a factor of 2.24 by the tool time
(2) included in the math (1) tool of the spatial
analysis tool in the arctoolbox

20

STEP 1
1
2
3
(1) Add or select he previous calculated distance; (2) define the

correction factor (in our case 2.24 or other as you prefer(3) select
the folder where you want to save the new file and write the
name of file as distance_pre_k.tif (.tif is the extension of the file)

21

STEP 1
1
The resulting map
shows the distance to
the closest road
expressed in meter
(m) (1)
22
Extraction cost in relation

to the extraction distance
STEP 1
You need to determine before the cost for the

extraction of 1 m3 of wood per meter of extraction
such as DIN/m3/m. During the course with suppose 1
DIN for the extraction of 1 m3 for 1 m of extraction
distance.
By using the tool time (2) included in the math (1) tool
of the spatial analysis tool in the arctoolbox, the
estimated cost will be multiply for the extraction
distance (correct distance) previously calculated
1

23
Extraction cost in relation to the

extraction distance
STEP 1
1
2
3
(1) Add or select he previous calculated correct distance k; (2) insert
the extraction cost (DIN/m3/m) (for example 1.1 DIN/m3/m); (3) select
the folder where you want to save your new file and write the name
of file as Bukovi_extraction_cost_pre.tif (.tif is the extension of the file)

24
Extraction cost in relation to

the extraction distance
STEP 1
1
The resulting map shows
the extraction cost to
extract logs to the closed
road expressed in
DIN/m3/m (1)
25

extraction distance
STEP 1
3
4
The previous data need to be in
integer number. For this reason it
is necessary to perform the
following operation by using the
tool int (1) included in the math (2)
tool of the spatial analysis tool in
the arctoolbox.
As a consequence a new windows
is open:
(1) Add or select
Bukovi_extraction_cost_pre.tif; (4)
select the folder where you want to
save
your new file and write the
2015 (Stefano
name
of file Grigolato)
as
26
STEP 1
Now you need to extract the cost results only for the forest compartment
area. It will help you to have the extraction cost information for the forest
compartment area.
Use the tool Extract by mask (1)Select
included
the extraction
(2) tool
of theras
thein
extraction
cost layer
as input
spatial analysis tool in the arctoolbox

Use the forest

compartment layer as
mask data
Select the folder where you want to
save your new file and write the
name of file as
Bukovi_extraction_cost_pre_in_compa
rtment.tif (.tif is the extension of the
file)
27
STEP 1
Categorize the data by the legend

To help the understanding of the results, you can modify the legend.
In order to categorize the data in class of cost, you can open the layer
properties by double click on the layer name
(Buokovi_extraction_cost_pre.tif) (1); select symbology (2) and show the
legend as Classified (3). If you desire for example 3 class of cost, select 3
classes (4) and open Classify (5), fix the up limit of each class and leave
the maximum value as you find (6), close classify and write the label of
2 (8)
the legend (7) and choose the color
1
3
4
7
8

28
STEP 1
Extraction cost classes
The result map can help the technicians to identify the area were
extraction cost is high because of an high extraction distance from the
Belgrade
- April 6-9,
closest
forest
road. This GIS
is a
fast and valid methods for
FAOapproach
Project Number:
TCP/SRB/3401
gentle and hilly areas.
29
STEP 1
How to add transparency to the layer (1)?
Double click to the layer and select Display

30
STEP 2
Calculate the average extraction cost

for the planned harvested area

31
How to create the new layer

(shapefile)?
STEP 2
Create a new shapefile by

arcatalog (1)
Select the folder where
you want to create the
new shapefile (vector
data) (1)
Right click on contents
view (2) and choose new
(3) and shapefile (4)
2
1
3
4
32
STEP 2
Modify the new layer (harvest_plan)

Add the harvest_plan layer to the view (1); double click on the file
name and open table attributes (2); table need new columns (field)
to add new information
1

33
Modify the new shapefile

(harvest_plan)
Click on Option and then Add field
Add a first column (Option/Add
field):
Name of the field (no more than 8
characters, no space): Cost_pre
(here the field will report the
average extraction cost of the
harvest area in the current
condition of the forest road
network) (1);
Type: Double (accept decimal) (2)
Add a second column (Option/Add
field):
Name of the field (no more than 8
characters, no space): Cost_pst
(here the field will report the
Belgrade - April
6-9,
average
extraction
costFAO
of Project
the Number: TCP/SRB/3401
harvest area by simulating the
STEP 2
1
2
34
STEP 2
tart editing for drawing the harvest plan areas (0)
1
Digitalize (1) the harvest area
(close the polygon with a
double click) and assign to it
the Identification number (ID)
by writing into the
corresponding field (ID) in the
table of the attributes (3).

When all the area are

digitalized, save editing
by editor/stop editing
(0)
35
STEP 2
Calculate average cost per harvest

unit
3
To calculate the
average extraction
cost, use the tool
Zonal statistic as
Table (1) included in
the Zonal (2) tool of
the spatial analysis
tool in the arctoolbox
(3)
1
36
STEP 2

unit
1
2
3
The harvest plan areas (1)

The field of the ID number of the harvest
areas (2);
Select the current integer cost extraction
raster (3)
Select the folder where you want to save
the summary table of the analysis (4)
37
STEP 2
Understanding the resulting

table
Open the table from the list of source
ID of the harvest area Average extraction cost

38
STEP 2
Join the extraction cost result to the

harvest plan layer
ght click on the layer Harvest plan (1), choose Join and Relates (2) and thus Join
1
2

39
STEP 2
Compile the extraction cost data into

the Harvest plan layer
1 Select the field of the harvest area code (ID)

2 select the output table of the
Zonal statistics as table
3 Select the field identifying the
harvest area code (RowID)

1
2
3
40
STEP 2

Recalculate the Cost_pre field by field calculator; right click
on the name of the field Cost_pre (1); select Field calculator
(2)
1

41
STEP 2

Identify the table
The filed calculator can perform

different operations; you can copy the
value of another field to the field
where you are working (in this case
Cost_pre.
Identify the field
In the white block you will add the

field MEAN of the joined table by
double click on the field MEAN (1) and
the click ok.
Results

42
STEP 2

move the join table (the join is not a permanent modification of the table)
Right click on the layer

name (Harvest _plan) and
select Join and relates,
remove join and then
extraction_cost_pre
table. The temporary table
is removed (4).

43
STEP 3
Assumption of a new road

The assumption of a new or more
forest roads can be tested to test the
effect on extraction cost.
The assumption is just an idea about
the alignment and it is not a real
project

44
STEP 3
Add a new road to the current forest

road layer
1
Open the editing section by the editor

tool (1);
Attention to edit the correct file
(forest road layer).
To create the new road use the sketch
tool (2). When you finish the road,
double left click to close the polyline.
As the GIS data of the Terrain
is not precise, the polyline will
be difficult to develop
according to the characteristic
of the terrain (slope, gully ).
Try to do your best.

45
STEP 3
Add a new road to the forest road

layer

46
Same as STEP 1
Calculate the extraction cost over

the forest area with the new road
Data:
Forest road network
Forest compartment
DTM (digital elevation model optional)

47
Same as STEP 1

1
2
Its the road network with the new

road (!)
Its the path distance result with
the new road (!)
3
Remember to use a file name adapted to identify that this is the
result with the new road. Fore example Bukovi_distance_post.tif
Set the parameter: input feature
is road network (1); output is
name and folder destination of
the file you create (2); in input
surface insert DTM (terrain) to
correct distance by slope (3)
Set the environment

parameters of the
analysis (4) (open a new
window)
48
Same as STEP 1
1
Select the DTM for
setting the analysis
with the same
extension of the DTM
(terrain model) (1); Set
the cell size (pixel) of
the analysis (2) by
selecting the DTM file
from the drop list; Set
the mask (the area
where you perform the
analysis, use the DTM
terrain model) (3); click
ok and return to the
previous windows, click
ok again and the
processing analysis will
start
2
3
49

Same as STEP 1
When ground base system is used, the

extraction distance can be corrected to be a
more realistic extraction distance.
Multiply the previous distance (linear
distance) by a factor of 2.24 by the tool time
(2) included in the math (1) tool of the spatial
analysis tool in the arctoolbox

50

Same as STEP 1
1
2
3
result with the new road. Fore example
Bukovi_distance_post_k.tif
(1) Add or select he previous calculated distance; (2) define the
correction factor (in our case 2.24 or other as you prefer(3) select
the folder where you want to save the new file and write the
name of file as distance_pre_k.tif (.tif is the extension of the file)

51

Same as STEP 1
1
The resulting map
shows the distance to
the closest road
expressed in meter
(m) (1)
52
Extraction cost in relation

to the extraction distance
Same as STEP 1
You need to determine before the cost for the

extraction of 1 m3 of wood per meter of extraction
such as DIN/m3/m. During the course with suppose 1
DIN for the extraction of 1 m3 for 1 m of extraction
distance.
By using the tool time (2) included in the math (1) tool
of the spatial analysis tool in the arctoolbox, the
estimated cost will be multiply for the extraction
distance (correct distance) previously calculated
1

53
Same as STEP 1

extraction distance
1
2
3
result with the new road. Fore example
Bukovi_extraction_cost_post.tif
(1) Add or select he previous calculated correct distance k; (2) insert
the extraction cost (DIN/m3/m) (for example 1.1 DIN/m3/m); (3) select
the folder where you want to save your new file and write the name
of file as Bukovi_extraction_cost_pre.tif (.tif is the extension of the file)

54
Extraction cost in relation to

the extraction distance
Same as STEP 1
1
The resulting map shows
the extraction cost to
extract logs to the closed
road expressed in
DIN/m3/m (1)
55
Same as STEP 1

extraction distance
3
4
The previous data need to be in
integer number. For this reason it
is necessary to perform the
following operation by using the
tool int (1) included in the math (2)
tool of the spatial analysis tool in
the arctoolbox.
As a consequence a new windows

Remember to use a file
is open:
name adapted to identify
(1) Add or select
that this is the result with
Bukovi_extraction_cost_pre.tif; (4)
the new road. Fore example
select the folder where you want to
Bukovi_extraction_cost_post
save
your
new
file
and
write
the
_int.tif
2015 (Stefano
name
of file Grigolato)
as
56
Same as STEP 1
Now you need to extract the cost results only for the forest compartment
area. It will help you to have the extraction cost information for the forest
compartment area.
Use the tool Extract by mask (1)Select
included
the extraction
(2) tool
of theras
thein
extraction
cost layer
as input
spatial analysis tool in the arctoolbox

Use the forest

compartment layer as
mask data
your new file and write the name of file as
Bukovi_extraction_cost_post_int_compart
ment.tif (.tif is the extension of the file)
57
Same as STEP 1
Categorize the data by the legend

To help the understanding of the results, you can modify the legend.
In order to categorize the data in class of cost, you can open the layer
properties by double click on the layer name
(Bukovi_extraction_cost_post_int_compartment.tif) (1); select symbology
(2) and show the legend as Classified (3). If you desire for example 3
class of cost, select 3 classes (4) and open Classify (5), fix the up limit of
each class and leave the maximum value as you find (6), close classify
and write the label of the legend 2
(7) and choose the color (8)
1
3
4
7
8

58
Same as STEP 1
Extraction cost classes
The result map can help the technicians to identify the area were
extraction cost is high because of an high extraction distance from the
Belgrade
- April 6-9,
closest
forest
road. This GIS
is a
fast and valid methods for
FAOapproach
Project Number:
TCP/SRB/3401
gentle and hilly areas.
59
Same as STEP 2

unit
3
To calculate the
average extraction
cost with the new
road, use the tool
Zonal statistic as
Table (1) included in
the Zonal (2) tool of
the spatial analysis
tool in the arctoolbox
(3)
2
1
60
Same as STEP 2

unit
1
2
3
The harvest plan areas (1)

The field of the ID number of the harvest
areas (2);
Select the current integer cost extraction
raster (3)
the summary table of the analysis (4)
61
Same as STEP 2
Understanding the resulting

table
Open the table from the list of source
ID of the harvest area Average extraction cost

62
Same as STEP 2
Join the extraction cost result to the

harvest plan layer
ght click on the layer Harvest plan (1), choose Join and Relates (2) and thus Join
1
2

63
Same as STEP 2

1 Select the field of the harvest area code (ID)

2 select the output table of the
Zonal statistics as table; in this case
extraction_cost_post
3 Select the field identifying the
harvest area code (RowID)

1
2
3
64
Same as STEP 2

Recalculate the Cost_pst (the extraction cost with the new road) field by
field calculator; right click on the name of the field Cost_pst (1); select
Field calculator (2)
1

65
Same as STEP 2

Identify the table
The filed calculator can perform

different operations; you can copy the
value of another field to the field
where you are working (in this case
Cost_pst).
Identify the field
In the white block you will add the

field MEAN of the joined table by
double click on the field MEAN (1) and
the click ok.
Results

66
Same as STEP 2

move the join table (the join is not a permanent modification of the table)
Right click on the layer

name (Harvest _plan) and
select Join and relates,
remove join and then
extraction_cost_pst
table. The temporary table
is removed (4).

67
Step 4
Comparison
Add a new column (by add field from the option menu) to the harvest_plan
layer (by opening the attribute table) (1) and assign the name area_ha
with data type float. Right click on the new column area_ha and select
calculate geometry (2). Calculate Area (3) and select Hectares (ha) (4)
2
1
3
4
68
Step 4
Comparison
Add a new column (by add field from the option menu) to the harvest_plan
layer (by opening the attribute table) (1) and assign the name Difference
with data type float. Right click on the new column Difference and select
Field caluclator (2). Calculate the difference in extraction cost (DIN/m 3/m)
2
1
3
4
69
Step 4
Comparison
3
5

You can use the Field calculator

(1) the verify the cost
reduction: here the example of
the reduction in percentage %
(2)
By double click of the field (3),
automatically it will be insert in
the white block. Write the
expression such as the
example (4) by using the
suggested functions (5)
2
70
For more information

Stefano Grigolato
Universit degli Studi di Padova
stefano.grigolato@unipd.it
Tutorial ARCGIS 9.3
http://webhelp.esri.com/ARCGISDESKTOP/9.3/index.cfm?TopicName=welcome

71

GIS Analysis For New Road Network Planning

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Descrizione originale:

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

GIS Analysis For New Road Network Planning

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Universit degli Studi di Padova

Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali

GIS analysis for new road network planning

Belgrade - April 6-9,

FAO Project Number: TCP/SRB/3401

Objective of the course

Belgrade - April 6-9,

FAO Project Number: TCP/SRB/3401

Current situation analysis

Belgrade - April 6-9,

FAO Project Number: TCP/SRB/3401

Open a new project or an exiting

Save a new project

Open ArcGIS and save the new

Open an existing project

Belgrade - April 6-9,

FAO Project Number: TCP/SRB/3401

Add file or layer to the view

2) Look for your files

Belgrade - April 6-9,

FAO Project Number: TCP/SRB/3401

Add the road shapefile

Belgrade - April 6-9,

FAO Project Number: TCP/SRB/3401

The road layer

Belgrade - April 6-9,

FAO Project Number: TCP/SRB/3401

The road layer

A shapefile is a vector layer with an

Right click on the shapefile and select Open attributes table

FAO Project Number: TCP/SRB/3401

Modify the legend of the

Double left click on the

Layer properties appears

Belgrade - April 6-9,

FAO Project Number: TCP/SRB/3401

Modify the legend of the

Different Symbology option

Belgrade - April 6-9,

FAO Project Number: TCP/SRB/3401

Modify the legend of the

Add all the values of the field Kategoria (1)

Belgrade - April 6-9,

FAO Project Number: TCP/SRB/3401

Modify the legend of the

Modify name of the Label (1) by entering new text

Belgrade - April 6-9,

FAO Project Number: TCP/SRB/3401

Add other layers

Belgrade - April 6-9,

FAO Project Number: TCP/SRB/3401

Add the Terrain Model DTM

Belgrade - April 6-9,

FAO Project Number: TCP/SRB/3401

DTM layer (raster data)

Modify the color of the legend as you

Belgrade - April 6-9,

FAO Project Number: TCP/SRB/3401

!!! Before !!! look is spatial analysis extension

Add to the view the

Terrain model DTM

Folder and name where you save the