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DEMAND
Quantity demanded is the amount of a good
that buyers are willing and able to purchase.
Law of Demand
The law of demand states that, other things equal,
the quantity demanded of a good falls when the
price of the good rises.
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Quantity of
Ice-Cream Cones
2. ... increases quantity
of cones demanded.
Copyright 2004 South-Western
Demand Curve
Quantity Demanded
Movement along the demand curve.
Caused by a change in the price of the product.
$2.0
0
1.00
D
0
Consumer income
Prices of related goods
Tastes
Expectations
Number of buyers
Decrease
in demand
Demand curve, D3
0
Demand
curve, D1
Demand
curve, D2
Quantity of
Ice-Cream Cones
Copyright2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning
Consumer Income
Normal Good
Price of IceCream Cone
$3.0
0
2.5
0
2.0
0
1.5
0
1.0
0
0.5
0
An increase
in income...
Increase
in demand
D1
0 1
D2
Quantity
of Ice2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Cream
Cones
Copyright 2004 South-Western
Consumer Income
Inferior Good
Price of IceCream Cone
$3.0
0
2.5
0
2.0
0
1.5
0
1.0
0
0.5
0
An increase
in income...
Decrease
in demand
D2
0 1
D1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Quantity of
Ice-Cream
Cones
Copyright2004 South-Western
SUPPLY
Quantity supplied is the amount of a good that
sellers are willing and able to sell.
Law of Supply
The law of supply states that, other things equal, the
quantity supplied of a good rises when the price of
the good rises.
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
1 2
9 10 11 12 Quantity of
Ice-Cream Cones
Input prices
Technology
Expectations
Number of sellers
Supply Curve
Quantity Supplied
Movement along the supply curve.
Caused by a change in anything that alters the
quantity supplied at each price.
S
C
$3.0
0
1.00
Quantity of
Ice-Cream
Cones
Copyright 2004 South-Western
Supply curve, S3
Decrease
in supply
Supply
curve, S1
Supply
curve, S2
Increase
in supply
Quantity of
Ice-Cream Cones
Copyright2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning
Copyright2004 South-Western
Equilibrium Quantity
The quantity supplied and the quantity demanded at
the equilibrium price.
On a graph it is the quantity at which the supply and
demand curves intersect.
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Supply
Schedule
Supply
Equilibrium
Equilibrium price
$2.00
Equilibrium
quantity
0
Demand
9 10 11 12 13
Quantity of Ice-Cream Cones
Copyright2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning
Supply
Surplus
$2.50
2.00
Demand
4
Quantity
demanded
10
Quantity
supplied
Quantity of
Ice-Cream
Cones
Copyright2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning
Equilibrium
Surplus
When price > equilibrium price, then quantity
supplied > quantity demanded.
There is excess supply or a surplus.
Suppliers will lower the price to increase sales, thereby
moving toward equilibrium.
Equilibrium
Shortage
When price < equilibrium price, then quantity
demanded > the quantity supplied.
There is excess demand or a shortage.
Suppliers will raise the price due to too many buyers
chasing too few goods, thereby moving toward
equilibrium.
Supply
$2.00
1.50
Shortage
Demand
4
Quantity
supplied
10
Quantity of
Quantity
Ice-Cream
demanded
Cones
Copyright2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning
Supply
New equilibrium
$2.50
2.00
2. . . . resulting
in a higher
price . . .
Initial
equilibrium
D
D
0
7
3. . . . and a higher
quantity sold.
10
Quantity of
Ice-Cream Cones
Copyright2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning
1. An increase in the
price of sugar reduces
the supply of ice cream. . .
S1
New
equilibrium
$2.50
Initial equilibrium
2.00
2. . . . resulting
in a higher
price of ice
cream . . .
Demand
7
3. . . . and a lower
quantity sold.
Quantity of
Ice-Cream Cones
Copyright2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning
Copyright2004 South-Western