GT10103

BUSINESS
MATHEMATICS
WEEK 3:
ALGEBRAIC
EQUATIONS AND
VARIATIONS

ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

An expression consists of a group of numbers, symbols,

and variables that express an operation or a series of
operations.
An algebraic expression is an expression that
contains one or more variables.

Expressions:
Algebraic Expressions:
3+4
3 (c + 8)
Notice that you
62 2a
dont see any
equal
(6 + 3) -1
9 xsigns

Reading and Writing Algebraic Expressions

+
plus
sum
more than
increased
by
total
in all
added to

minus
difference
less than
subtract
decreased
by
Take away
Subtracted
from

x
times
product
multiplied
each
of

divided
quotient
divided by

Other ways to show Other ways to show

division:
multiplication :

5x6
5(6)
56

12 6
12/6

This in your notes and go over examples of how to read/write algebraic expressions
3

NOW, THAT WE KNOW THE COMPONENTS OF THIS EXPRESSION, LETS

TRY TO WRITE AN ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION FOR EACH WORD PHRASE

4 increased by a
number
4+c
*it does not matter
what letter you use,
just as long as you
include a variable.

25 less than a
number
n 25
*just because we
see 25 first in the
word phrase,
doesnt mean that
25 is written first in
the expression.
5

TRY TO WRITE THESE ON YOUR

OWN:

Add 3 to a
number
3 + n or n + 3

Some number multiplied by

16
16 x b or b x 16

NOW, TRY TO TRANSLATE, OR WRITE THE FOLLOWING ALGEBRAIC

EXPRESSIONS INTO A WORD PHRASE ON YOUR OWN.

1)

n-5

2)

9+t

NOW, TRY TO TRANSLATE, OR WRITE THE FOLLOWING ALGEBRAIC

EXPRESSIONS INTO A WORD PHRASE ON YOUR OWN.

1)

Answers will vary

n - 5 1) Take 5 away from
a number

2)

9+t

2)

9 added to a
number

WHEN WE EVALUATE ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS, WE ARE SUBSTITUTE A

NUMBER IN PLACE OF VARIABLE, THEN SOLVING FOR AN ANSWER

Evaluate each
expression when a =
12
1) a + 3
2)

17 a

WHEN WE EVALUATE ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS, WE ARE SUBSTITUTE A

NUMBER IN PLACE OF VARIABLE, THEN SOLVING FOR AN ANSWER

Evaluate each expression

when a = 12
1) a + 3
12 + 3
15
2) 17 a
17 12
5
10

YOU TRY TO EVALUATE THE FOLLOWING WHEN N = 4

9n
*(what operation does this mean when a
number is right beside a variable?
Look at your notes if you dont know)
1)

2) 40 / n

11

YOU TRY TO EVALUATE THE FOLLOWING WHEN N = 4

1)

2)

9n
9x4
36
40 / n
40 / 4
10
12

AN EQUATION IS A COMPLETE SENTENCE THAT IS

EITHER TRUE OR FALSE

= shows that each side has the same

value
examples:
Example 1:
Example 2:
x + 7 = 14
47 = 50 3
7 + 7 = 14
y 6 = 13
14 = 14

13

DETERMINE IF THE FOLLOWING ARE EXPRESSIONS OR

EQUATIONS:

7x
2) (6-3) 1 = 2
3) 14 = 7(2)
4) X + 9 = 13
5) 12 5
1)

14

DETERMINE IF THE FOLLOWING ARE EXPRESSIONS OR

EQUATIONS:

7x
2) (6-3) 1 = 2
3) 14 = 7(2)
4) X + 9 = 13
5) 12 5
1)

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

expression
equation
equation
equation
expression

How could you tell the difference between the two?

15

11.5 SIMPLIFYING RATIONAL EXPRESSIONS

Rational numbers are numbers that can be

written as fractions.
Rational expressions are algebraic fractions of
the form P(x) , where P(x) and Q(x)
Q(x)
are polynomials 2and Q(x) does not equal zero.
3x 2x 1
Example:
4x 1

11.5 SIMPLIFYING RATIONAL EXPRESSIONS

P(x) ; Since division by zero is not

Q(x) possible, Q(x) cannot equal zero.
The domain of a function is all possible values of
x.
3x2 2x 1
For the example
, 4x + 1 0
4x 1

so x -1/4.

11.5 SIMPLIFYING RATIONAL EXPRESSIONS

The domain of

3 x 2 2 x is
1
4x 1

all real numbers except -1/4.

Domain all real number, except -1/4

11.5 SIMPLIFYING RATIONAL EXPRESSIONS

Find domain of

Solve:

2x 1
x2 5x 6

x 2 5x 6 =0
(x 6)(x + 1) = 0

The excluded values are x = 6, -1

Domain all real number, except -1 & 6.

11.5 SIMPLIFYING RATIONAL EXPRESSIONS

2.

To simplify rational expressions: (2 step)

factor the numerator and denominator
completely.
Then reduce.

Simplify:

1.

2 x 2 x 12
2
4 x 24 x 32
2

11.5 SIMPLIFYING RATIONAL EXPRESSIONS

Factor:

Reduce:

2 x 2 x 12
2 x x6

2
2
4 x 24 x 32 4 x 6 x 8
2

2 x 3 x 2
x 3

2 x 4
2 4 x 4 x 2

11.5 SIMPLIFYING RATIONAL EXPRESSIONS

Simplify:

x2
2 x

Factor value of 1 out

of the denominator:

x 2

1 x 2

x2
1 2 x

11.5 SIMPLIFYING RATIONAL EXPRESSIONS

Reduce:

x 2

1 x 2
1
1
1

11.5 SIMPLIFYING RATIONAL EXPRESSIONS

Multiply rational expressions.

Divide rational expressions

11.5 SIMPLIFYING RATIONAL EXPRESSIONS

1.

2.
3.

4.

To multiply :
factor each numerator and denominator
completely.
Reduce
Multiply the numerators and multiply the
denominators.
2
2
Multiply.
15 x
x x 12

x 9 x 20
2

3 x 21

11.5 SIMPLIFYING RATIONAL EXPRESSIONS

Factor:
Reduce:

15 x
x x 12

2
x 9 x 20 3 x 21
2

x 4 x 3

x 4 x 5 3 x 7

5x
x 3

x 5 x 7
5 15 x

11.5 MULTIPLYING AND DIVIDING

5
x
x

3
5
x
x

3
Multiply:

x 5 x 7 x 5 x 7
5 x 15 x
2
x 12 x 35
2

11.6 MULTIPLYING AND DIVIDING

1.

2.
3.
4.

To divide:
Change the problem to multiplication by
writing the reciprocal of the divisor.
Factors
Reduce
Multiply
2
2

2x x 3 2x x 6

2
2
x 4x 5
x 1

11.5 MULTIPLYING AND DIVIDING

2x x 3 2x x 6

2
2
x 4x 5
x 1
2

Change to
multiplication:
Factor
completely:

2x x 3 x 4x 5
2
2
2x x 6
x 1
2

2 x 3 x 1 x 1 x 5
x 1 x 1 2 x 3 x 2

11.5 MULTIPLYING AND DIVIDING

Reduce:

Multiply:

2 x 3 x 1 x 1 x 5
x 1 x 1 2 x 3 x 2

x5

x2

DIRECT AND INVERSE VARIATION

Direct Variation
The following statements are equivalent:

y varies directly as x.
y is directly proportional to x.
y = kx for some nonzero constant k.
k is the constant of variation or the constant of
proportionality

DIRECT AND INVERSE VARIATION

If y varies directly as x, then y = kx.

If y = 10 when x = 2 ,
Therefore, by substitution 10 = k(2).
What is the value of k? 10 = 2k
10 = 2k

5=k

11.3 DIRECT AND INVERSE

VARIATION
If y varies directly as x, then y = kx.
This looks similar to function form y = mx + b without the b
So if x = 2 and y = 10
Therefore, by substitution 10 = k(2).
What is the value of k? 10 = 2k
10 = 2k
5=k

11.3 DIRECT AND INVERSE

VARIATION
y = kx
can be rearranged to get k by itself
y = kx
x
x
y x = k
or
k= y/x
So our two formulas for Direct Variation are

y=kx

and

k=y/x

DIRECT AND INVERSE VARIATION

What is the value of y when x = 8?

x and y go together. Assume k= 5
Replacing k with 5 gives us y = 5x
What is y when x = 8 ?
y = 5(8)
y = 40

DIRECT VARIATION IN FUNCTION

TABLES
x y
2 10
4 20
6 30

Direct Variation Formulas:

y= kx or k= y/x
y= kx

Since we multiply x by five in

each set, the constant (k) is 5.
k= y/x

Or you can think of it as y

divided by x is K.
This is a Direct Variation.

DIRECT AND INVERSE VARIATION

Direct variation
15

y = kx

10

y = 2x

5
0

10

15

20

11.3 DIRECT AND INVERSE

VARIATION
Inverse Variation
The following statements are equivalent:

y varies inversely as x.
y is inversely proportional to x.
y = k/x for some nonzero constant k.
xy = k

DIRECT AND INVERSE VARIATION

If y varies inversely as x, then xy = k.

If y = 6 when x = 4 , then what is the value of
y when x = 8?
x and y go together. Therefore, by substitution
(6)(4) = k.
What is the value of k?
24 = k

DIRECT AND INVERSE VARIATION

k = 24
Replacing k with 24 gives us xy = 24
What is y when x = 8 ?
8y = 24
y=3

Since Direct Variation is Y=kx

(k times x)

then
Inverse Variation is the opposite Y=k/x
(k divided by
x)

INVERSE VARIATION IN FUNCTION

TABLES
Inverse Variation Formulas

x y
2 5
4 2.5
8 1.25

y= k/x or

xy= k

Is this an inversely
proportional?
Yes, xy=10

INVERSE VARIATION IN FUNCTION

TABLES

x
-2
-1
0
2

y
-4.2
-2.1
0
4.2

Inverse Variation Formulas

y= k/x or

xy= k

Is this an inversely
proportional?
No

DIRECT AND INVERSE VARIATION

Inverse Variation

xy= k
xy= 16

15

10

10

15

20

INVERSE VARIATION IN FUNCTION

TABLES

x
-2
-1
0
2

y
-4.2
-2.1
0
4.2

Inverse Variation Formulas

y= k/x or

xy= k

Is this an inversely
proportional?
No

End Of Slide
Thank you for your
attention
Please do more practice