Biophilia

(Human Access to Nature)

Biophilia is the name given to

the human
love of nature
based on the
interdependence
between humans and
other living systems.

Elements of
Biophilia

1. Open Space
2. Public Darkness
3. Stormwater System
4. Food Production
5. Outdoor Wastewater Treatment
6. Indoor Wastewater Treatment

1.

Open Space

- PARKS OR HIGH QUALITY OPEN SPACES SHOULD BE WITHIN A THREE

MINUTE WALK OF EVERY DWELLING
- THE MINIMUM PARK AREA SHOULD BE 1/6 ACRE
- THE MINIMUM AVERAGE SIZE OF ALL NEIGHBORHOOD PARKS SHOULD BE
ACRE
- ALL PARKS SHALL BE BOUNDED ON AT LEAST TWO SIDES BY PUBLIC

SPORTS FIELD
-large scale recreation
-confined to the edges of neighborhoods
-the size is disruptive to the fine-grained network required
for pedestrian travel

GREEN
- A MEDIUM SIZED PUBLIC SPACE AVAILABLE FOR
UNSTRUCTURED RECREATION
- CICUMSCRIBED BY BUILDING FACADES
- ITS LANDSCAPE CONSISTING OF GRASSY AREAS AND TREES
- NATURALISTICALLY DISPOSED
- REQUIRING SUBSTANTIAL MAINTENANCE

PLAZA
- INTERSECTION OF IMPORTANT STREETS SET ASIDE FOR CIVIC PURPOSES
AND COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES
- CIRCUMSCRIBED BY FRONTAGES

SQUARE
- SELDOM LARGER THAN A BLOK AT THE INTERSECTION OF IMPORTANT
STREETS
- CIRCUMSCRIBED SPATIALLY BY FRONTAGES
- STREETSCAPE CONSISTS OF PAVED WALKS, LAWNS, TREES, AND CIVIC

COMMUNITY GARDEN
- A GROUPING OF GARDEN PLOTS AVAILABLE FOR SMALL-SCALE
CULTIVATION
- GENERALLY TO RESIDENTS OF APARTMENTS AND OTHER DWELLING TYPES
WITHOUT PRIVATE GARDENS
- COMMUNITY GARDENS SHOULD ACCOMMODATE INDIVIDUAL STORAGE
SHEDS

Wujud open space di beberapa negara berbeda karena dipengaruhi

oleh karakter manusia, kultur, keyakinan dan potensi alam

Secara tradisional open space terbentuk dari perdagangan dan pertahanan,

sistem politik dan tradisi budaya, iklim, dan topografi.

2.

Public Darkness

PUBLIC DARNESS
Provide some
level of safety
along rights-of-way
Public
Lighting

for pedestrian
Encourage

nighttime
activities and
commerce

LIGHTPOLL
UTION
Difrected
upward or
away from
where its
needed

Effect

Reduces the
view of stars

Sky Glow

Convention Effect
Overlighting
al Design

Glare

Wastes
energy
Sleep
disorders of
human
Decrease
Flora and
Fauna

Need Lighting

Design

At Potential
vehicle
Pedestrian
Conflict
Zones
Lighting
Design

Accent
building
facades
Wayfinding
elements
Rural to
Urban-Dark
to Light

3.

Stormwater System

stormwater system is

a tool for managing

the runoff from
rainfall

Why?

Why?

Think water as source

Not as waste

Stormwater Types
1. Wet Pond
2. Dry Pond
3. Swale
4. Underground
5. Rooftop

1.

Wet Pond

Austin, Texas

Wet Pond

UI, Depok

Concept

Concept

2.

Dry Pond

Roanoke, Virginia

Rorak (Parit Buntu)

Sukamulya, Serpong

Concept

3.

Swale

Montgomery County, Maryland

Swale

Tol Cipali

Concept

4.

Underground

Berks County, Pennsylvania

Underground

Tol Cipali

Underground

Maryland

Underground

BPPT

Concept

Concept

5.

Rooftop

California Academy of Sciences

Rooftop

Sinarmas Land Plaza

Rooftop

Sinarmas Land Plaza

Rooftop

Perpustakaan UI

Rooftop

ACROS Fukoka Building

Concept

4.

Food Production

FOOD PRODUCTION
Industrial and globalized food production

Food Supply Chain

Residues of multiple pesticides

Toxic to the environment & body

Low cost food

Unsustaina

Quality? Taste? Safety?

Sustainable Solution

Organic Food
Fastest growing sector in food production.
Increase food access are being integrated into neighborhood
Good Quality Food
Economic
Benefit

Environment
al Benefit

Community
Benefit

Creation of
Jobs
Self
Sustaining
Markets

Less Energy
use
Cleaner air
and water

Food
security
Better
Health
Neighborho
od
Beautificatio
n
Greater
connection
between
earth and
people

How to integrate food systems?

Food Production
Rule of growing food
Clean Soil
Access of water, sunlight, and good
drainage
Example :
Individual
Rooftop gardens,
House hold gardens, house hold
Greenhouses

Neighborhood-Based
Community garden, community
orchard,
Community greenhouse, urban
aquaculture,
Edible landscapes, community farms

Food Access
Problems
Difficult to access healthy
food produced locally
Many retailers buy from
national distribution
company instead of local
farms.
Neither fresh nor nutritions

Corner grocery stores can

provide increasing access
to more nutritious food

School Garden-The Edible

Schoolyard Berkeley

Urban Orchard- Treefolks Urban

Orchard Austin

Tukang Sayur

Indonesia
Berkebun

Vegetables Go To School

5.

Outdoor Wastewater
Treatment

What is wastewater ?
Wastewater is water that has been
used and must be treated before it is
released into another body of water, so
that it does not cause further pollution
of water sources.

Activity ? Washwater

Bathing
Laundry
Flushing toilet
Washing Dishes
Agricultural and Industrial

Why be concerned ?
Contains excessive nutrients, harmful
bacteria/viruses
chemicals that may contaminate the
land and waters

Goals
Reuse of 75% of nutrient energy in
waste stream into beneficial uses
The energy of consumption of
operation and maintenance will not
exceed 80 kilowatt hours per year
per capita
Reuse of 75% of water in waste
stream into beneficial uses

System Type ?
1. Conventional Treatment System
- Activated Sludge System
-Activated Sludge and Advanced
Treatment System
2. Aerated Pond and Filter System
3. Facultative Pond and Low Rate Land
Application System

1. Conventional Treatment
System
Activated sludge process employs long
rectangular aeration tanks which
approximate plug-flow although some
longitudinal mixing occurs. This
process is primarily employed for the
treatment of domestic wastewater.

2. Aerated Pond and Filter System

There are two types ofaerated ponds:
Aeratedfacultattive pondsor lagoon
Completely mixedaerated pondsor
lagoons.

3. Facultative Pond and Low Rate

Land Application System
Aerobic ponds
These ponds are 6 to 20 feet deep
Aerobic-anaerobic (facultative)
ponds
These ponds are 3 to 8 feet deep
Anaerobic ponds)
These ponds are from 8 to 15 feet

Wastewater Treatment
Process
(Preliminary)
Primary : remove the majority of
solids
Secondary : uses bacteria to digest
the remaining pollutants
(Tertiary)

Primary Treatment
Solids make up approximately 35 percent
of the pollutants that must be removed
Bar Screen
Remove sticks, garbage and other large
materials from the wastewater.
Settling Tank (clarifiers)
Allowing the sludge to settle and a scum
to form on the top

Secondary Treatment
Mixing the wastewater with bacteria
and oxygen
Chlorination
Ozonation
UV Irradiation

Tertiary Treatment
(Advanced)
Removes dissolved substances, such
as colour, metals, organic chemicals
and nutrients like phosphorus and
nitrogen

Factors to Consider in Selecting a

System

Cost (Initial and Operation/Maintenance)

Soil Conditions
Estimated Water Usage
Lot Size and Location
Topography
Groundwater Tables
Well Location (When Applicable)
Location of Other Water (Creeks, Rivers,
Springs, Ponds and etc.)
Ability to Maintain Future Use

Ottawacarleton,
Canada

6.

Indoor
Wastewater
Treatment

INDOOR WATER TREATMENT

John Todd Ecological
Design

ECOMACHINE

local
wastewat
er

ecological
based

ECOLOGY
ECONOMY
DESIGN

OPPORTUNITIES FOR
URBAN
NEIGHBORHOOD

education

flower and fish

production
irrigation
water feature

ELEMENTS

collection and distribution

pretreatement and
equalization
constructed wetlands
eco machine aquatic cells

harvested nutrients

clean +
reusable
water
CONVENTIONAL
WATER TREATMENT

high capital
lifetime
operating
cost
Investmenets
in
infrastructure
and energy
transportation

Investmenets
in energy and
chemicals
Treatment and disposal

2003
OMEGA CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVING

OCSL

Hudson Valley,
Rhinebeck, NY

septic
system
failing

high level of
excess
nutrients

releas
ed

local
watersh
ed

SOLUTION

The OCSL Eco-Machine is designed for

continuous treatment throughout seasonal
fluctuation in climate (hot summers and freezing
winters) and campus attendance. The use of an
indoor aerobic treatment process and extensive
outdoor wetlands reflect these design
parameters.

treating the domestic

water
NON-TOXIC
SUSTAINAB
LE
CUTTING-EDGE
DESIGN
PUBLIC AMENITY
AESTHETIC

JOHN TODD ECOLOGICAL

DESIGN (JTED)

CONSERVATION DESIGN
FORUM

OMEGAS SKIP BACKUS

onsite
wastewater
treatment

safeguard nearby
pond water
quality
habitat for native
animals and
plants
flushing, outdoor
water feature,
grounds
irrigation

what the Eco-Machine has

given us is a way to
actually connect our
participants and the staff
that come in to water, to
how they are a part of
natural processes, not
separate from natural
processes. People travel
from all over the world to
see this.
Robert Skip Backus,

TREATMENT PROCESS

SEPTIC STORAGE

campus wastewater flows first through a

series of underground septic storage tanks
which provide primary treatment and removal
of settle-able solids.
WETLANDS

From the septic storage tanks effluent is

dosed into terraced 20,000 square foot
wetlands. In the wetlands nutrient-rich
wastewater is consumed by root-associated
micro-organisms and converted into humic

AERATED LAGOONS

Effluent from the wetlands flows into the aerobic cells within the
OCSL building. In these cells nutrient rich water forms the basis
of a food web that includes an abundance of organisms from all
five kingdoms of life. Microscopic algae, fungi, bacteria,
protozoa, snails, fishes and zooplankton all thrive in the diverse
aerobic environment of suspended plant roots and contribute to
the consumption of remaining nutrients and the conversion of
contaminants, cleaning products and pharmaceuticals into
benign biomass and clean water. A recirculating sand filter
provides final removal of any remaining suspended solids and

AERATED LAGOONS

WETLANDS

OSCLS ECO-MACHINE