THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN

HUMAN BEING

While, carbon dioxide

and other waste materials
produced by the cells
must be removed.

Need nutrients, oxygen

and water.

Cells in body
HOW???
Our body has designed an internal transport system called
The Circulatory System.
Is made up

The heartpump and circulate

blood throughout the body.

The blood vesselsCarry the blood

From head and body

To head and body

VENA CAVA
From trunk and legs

To lungs

SEPTUM

Is a muscular organ with walls

made of cardiac muscles.

Lies in the chest between

The two lungs.

HEART
Function

The left side of the heart pumps OXYGENATED blood

It receives from the lungs to the rest of the body.
Oxygen is use in the respiration process.
The right side of the heart pumps DEOXYGENATED blood
It receives from the tissues to the lungs.
Carbon dioxide is removed
In the lungs.

STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN HEART

Or right atrium

Or left atrium

Position of the valves

The tricuspid valve is found

between the right atrium and
right ventricle.
It prevent blood from flowing back
into the atrium.

Tricuspid valve

Semilunar valves
(Aortic)
Semilunar valves
(pulmonary)

The bicuspid valve is

found between the left atrium
and left ventricle.
It prevents blood from flowing
back into the left atrium.

Bicuspid valve

BLOOD VESSELS
REMEMBER:
Cells absorb oxygen and digested food from the blood
and release Carbon dioxide and other waste products
into the blood to be carried away for removal.

There are three main

types of blood vessels:
1.Arteries
2.Veins
3.Capillaries

Artery:
1.Carries blood out of the heart
2.Carries oxygenated blood except pulmonary artery.
3.Has high pressured blood that flows swiftly.
4.Has thick, muscular, strong and elastic wall to
withstand the strong blood pressure in it.
5.Has small lumen size.
6.Has no valve.

Veins:
1.Carries blood into the heart.
2.Carries deoxygenated blood except pulmonary vein.
3.Has low pressured blood that flows slowly.
4.Has thin, less muscular and less elastic wall.
5.Has big lumen size.
6.Has valve.

Also found inside organs

and tissue.
Lie close to the cells.

Capillary:
1. Carries blood from the artery to the vein.
2. Carries oxygenated blood from the artery and
deoxygenated blood to the vein.
3. Blood flows very slowly.
4. Has very thin wall to facilitate the exchange
of gases and digested food and removal of waste products.
5. Has very small lumen
6. Has no valve.

Also known as a double circulation.

This is because the same blood passes
through the heart twice.

BLOOD CIRCULATION
There are two types of blood circulation
in human:
1. PULMONARY CIRCULATION
2. SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

lungs

Heart

Whole body except lungs

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary vein

Pulmonary circulatory
system

Vena cava and vein

Aorta and artery

Systemic circulatory
system

Deoxygenated
blood

Oxygenated
blood

Pulmonary circulation:
Consists of blood vessels that transport
deoxygenated blood from the right
heart to the lungs and back to the
heart.
Ensures that blood lacking in oxygen
gets a new supply of oxygen in the
lungs.

Systemic circulation:
Consists of all blood vessels that
transport oxygenated blood from the
left heart to all parts of the body
(except lung) and back to the heart.

HUMAN BLOOD

Blood consists of :
1.Plasma
2.Red blood cells
3.White blood cells
4.Platelets (blood clotting cells)

HUMAN BLOOD
Red blood cells

Has shape of Biconcave disc

No nucleus
Produced in the bone marrow
Destroyed in the liver and spleen.
Lifespan: four months
Transport oxygen

HUMAN BLOOD
White blood cells

Has indefinite shape

Have nucleus and larger in size than
the red blood cells.
Produced in the boned marrow, lymph
nodes and spleen.
Destroyed in the liver and spleen.
Protect the body against diseases by
killing microorganisms in our body.

HUMAN BLOOD
Platelets

No definite shape
No nucleus and very small (debris)
Produced in the boned marrow.
Lifespan is very short, from a few
hours to nine days.
The function of platelets is to clot
blood in a wound to prevent the loss
of an excessive amount of blood.

HUMAN BLOOD
Plasma
90% of water.
10% of amino acids, glucose, mineral salts,
vitamins, excretory products, oxygen and
carbon dioxide.
transport nutrients needed by the cells.
Remove waste products from the cells.
Contain fibrinogen for blood clotting.

HUMAN BLOOD
GROUPS

Classified into 4 groups:

1. A

3. AB

2.

4. O

1. O blood types are known

as UNIVERSAL DONORS.
2. AB blood types are known
as UNIVERSAL RECIPIENTS.

Recipients

Blood
group

Donors

A, AB

O,A

B, AB

O,B

AB

AB

O, A, B, AB

O, A, B, AB

Blood transfusion that can be done between donor and recipient.