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4.1. INTRODUCTION
The flow of fluids through beds composed of
stationary granular particles is a frequent
occurrence in the chemical industry and
therefore expressions are needed to predict
pressure drop across beds due to the
resistance caused by the presence of the
particles.
For example, in fixed bed catalytic reactors,
such as SO2SO3 converters, and drying
columns containing silica gel or molecular
sieves, gases are passed through a bed of
particles.
based on outside
(easily measured
variables)
For laminar
flow
From general force
balance in fixed beds
Compare
Eqs 4.16, 4.19,
and 4.21 for
packings
(random
This equation
is plotted
asdifferent
curve
C in Figure
granular packing, hollow packing and ring packing in Fig 4.13)
4.1.
Example 4.1
Two-heat sensitive organic liquids, of
average molecular weight of 155 kg/kmol,
are to be separated by vacuum distillation
in a 100 mm diameter column packed with
6 mm stoneware Raschig rings.
A condenser in the top of the column, a still
for boiling the liquids in the bottom of the
column.
The pressure of boiler is 8000 N/m2 (Ps)
corresponding to 395K (Ts) of vapour
pressure.
Vapour
rate =
0.04 kg/s
Temp changes
neglected