Comparison

Degree
STATE POLYTECHNIC OF BANYUWANGI
2016

ASSALAMUALAIKUM

I am Mustofa Hilmi, S.Pt.,

M.Si
I am here because I love to give
presentations.
Tugaspoliwangi@gmail.com

COMPARISONS
Lets start with the first
set of slides

What is comparison ?
Comparison is a sentence that used for
compare two or more noun. Comparison
is generally made by using the adjective
(adjective) or adverb (adverb) and
sometimes by using a noun.

Comparison Degree is divided into 2

categories:
Equal Comparison
Unequal Comparions (Comparative
& Superlative)

Equal Comparison
Equal comparison states that something is
compared are equal (not differ).

S + verb + as adjective
noun
+ as +
+
adverb
pronoun

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Example:
Dadang is as tall as I
Is a rose as fragrant as a
jasmine
Dedi sings as well as his
wife
Does Michael Schumacher
drive as fast as Valentino
Rossi
joni is as clever as she =
Joni is not so clever as she
My brother is as naughty
as they = My brother is not
so naughty as they

Note
Forms after the AS
pronoun is the subject
pronoun
Negative sentences such
as SO before objective /
pronoun replace AS

Equal Comparison
Addition to the above pattern, equal comparison can
also be stated by using the following pattern :

S + verb + the
same +

noun
noun + as +
pronoun

Equal Comparison
Memorize the his adjectives and nouns in the
following table :
Adjective
heavy, light (berat, ringan)
wide, narrow (lebar, sempit)
deep, shallow (dalam, dangkal)
long, short (panjang, pendek)
big, small (besar, kecil)
High/tall, short (tinggi, pendek)

Noun
Weight (berat)
Width (luas)
Depth (kedalaman)
Length (panjang)
Size (ukuran)
Height (tinggi)

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

Example:
Budi is the same weight as she
= Budi is as heavy as she
My teacher is the same height
as my brother = My teacher is as
tall as my brother
Your well is the same depth as
yours = Your well is as deep as
yours
My fathers land is the same
width as your fathers = My
fathers land is as wide as your
fathers
These trees are different from
those
Indonesian
speaks
different
language from American does

Note
For express not the same
as, use a different from.
INCORRECT if using
different than.

Unequal Comparison
There are two types of formation for
comparative adjectives and superlative
degree;
1) Onesyllable adjective
2) More than onesyllable adjective

1. Onesyllable adjective
For comparative and superlative degree by adding er/ est in the suffix
of adjectives
Adjectives
Comparative
Superlative
Old
Older
Oldest
Cheap
Cheaper
Cheapest
Angry
Angrier
Angriest
Funky
Funkier
Funkiest
Lucky
Luckier
Luckiest
Big
Bigger
Biggest
Thin
Thinner
Thinnest

1. Onesyllable adjective
For adjectives ending in vowels only added -r / st.
No

Comperative

Supelative

01

Late + -r = Later

Late + -st = Latest

02

Nice + -r = Nicer

Nice + -st = Nicest

1. Onesyllable adjective
For adjectives ending in 'Y', to 'I' then add -er /
No

-est
Comperative

Supelative

01

Angry = angri + er = Angrier

Angry = angri + est = Angriest

02

Funky = funki + er = Funkier

Funky = funki + est = Funkiest

03

Lucky = lucki + er = Luckier

Lucky = lucki + est = Luckiest

Irrigular Comparison
formation for comperative and superlative
adjectives that do not follow the provisions
above.
Adjectives/Positive
Comperative
Supelative
Good/well
Bad
Far
Little
Old

Better
Worse
Further/farther
Less
Older/elder

Best
Worst
Futhest/farthest
Least
Oldest/eldest

2. More than onesyllable

adjective
To adjective with more than one pronunciation is
relatively easy, by adding the word more / most
before the adjective word
Adjectives/Positive Comperative
Supelative
Beautiful
More beautiful Most beautiful
Handsome
More handsome Most handsome
Ugly
More ugly
Most ugly

Positive
Satu syllable ( suku kata)
Easy
big
tall
cheap
light
old
happy
pretty
Lebih dari satu syllable ( suku kata)
beautiful
comfortable
interesting
difficult
delicious
Bentuk Irregular
bad
far
good
little
many, much, some

Comparative

Superlative

Easier
bigger
taller
cheaper
lighter
older
happer
prettier

easiest
biggest
tallest
cheapest
lightest
oldest
happiest
prettiest

more
more
more
more
more

most
most
most
most
most

beautiful
comfortable
interesting
difficult
delicious

worse
further
better
less
more

beautiful
comfortable
interesting
difficult
delicious

worst
furthest
best
least
most

Unequal Comparison
Unequal comparison is used to compare two or
more things, and things are not the same thing.
Unequal comparison is divided into 2 categories
:
1. Comparative (comparison sentence level II)
2. Superlative (comparison sentence level III)

Unequal Comparison..... Comperative..?

Comparative is the structure of the English language in
that compared one person / object (single) with one
person / other items (single).

adjective + er)
(adverb + er)
S + verb/to (more +
be
adjective/adverb)
(less +
adjective/adverb)

than

+ noun
pronou
n

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Example:
Your grade is higher than mine
Today is hotter than yesterday
This sofa is more comfortable
than the other one
He speaks English more fluently
than I
Nowadays, being a good person
is less important than being a
rich man
She was more interested in
studying speaking than learning
grammar
The older i get, the happier i am
The more dangerous it is, the
more i like it

Note
Adverb er: fast faster,
soon sooner, hard
harder, late later.
adverb ly (abjective +
ly) : using more +
adverb. Ex. More
carefully, more loudly,
more cunningly,

Unequal Comparison..... Superative..?

Superlative is the structure of the English language in
that compared one person / object (single) with the
person / thing else (plural).

S + verb/to be

the + most+

Adjective

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Example:
I cant find my most comfortable
jeans
Jupiter is the biggest planet in
our solar system
She is the smartest girl in our
class
I am the shortest person in my
family
That was the best movie ever
She is the most beautiful
creature in the world

Multiple Number Comparasion

Comparison with using multiple number, such as a half
(half), twice or two times (twice), trice or three times,
five times
S + verb + multiple number +
as

much
many

noun + as

Noun
Subject Pronoun

1.
2.
3.

Example:
Budi has won three times as
many championships as Dani
My friend has a half as many Cds
as I
Canada has a thousand times as
much fresh water as Indonesia

Note
Much ==== noncountable noun
Many ====countable
noun

Double Comparasion
In a double comparison, both the main clause (principal
sentence) and subordinate clauses (clauses) using
comparative (unequal comparison)
(adjective+er) (adverb
+ er) (more +
adjective) (more +
The
adverb) (less +
adjective) (less
+adverb)

(adjective+er)
(adverb + er) (more
S +verb, + adjective) (more +
S + verb
the
adverb) (less +
adjective) (less
+adverb)

1.
2.
3.

Example:
The longer the derian tre grows,
better it produces
The higher the oil price is, the
more miserable the Indonesia
people are
The more frequently we study,
the higher our grades will be

No Sooner........than
Used if two events occur where the first incident was
soon followed by other events.
segera setelah saya.......dia pun....... = No sooner had
i........than she...........
No sooner

+ Auxiliary

S + verb

than

S + verb

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Example:
No sooner had the rain stopped
than we all continued our trip
No sooner had i realized that she
was trying to cheat me than i
found an excuse for leaving
No sooner had i arrived at bus
terminal than the bus came
No sooner had i eaten my
breakfast than i felt a little
stronger to resume my work
no sooner did i tell her that i
didnt love her than she began
crying
No sooner did the police allow
the crowd to enter the room than
they all reshed into it

Note
Using ==== past perfect &
past tense
Can change ==== as sson
as + S + V, S + V ( segera
setelah/tak lama)====
Scarcely ........when
As soon as i fineshed eating
my luch, i went home
As soon as the rain stopped,
we all continued our trip

Thanks!

Any questions?
tugaspoliwangi@gmail.com

MINI TEST
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

I think this T-shirt is too small. Can you give me the ...............one?
Jakarta is a modern city. But New York is ..................than Jakarta.
The cars price is usually ..................than the motorbikes
Cheetah is known as the ............... runner animal on the earth.
Almost all students think that Mathematic is the ........... subject in the
school.
I want to buy that red jacket but its too expensive. I hope I can find
a.........jacket to buy.
A buffalo cant run as ..................as a horse.
We have the same .......... Both of us like swimming
Mr. Ron is the ...........teacher in our school. He never gets angry to us.
An ant may be the .......... animal in the world

MINI TEST
1. My car is red. My brothers car is red. Our cars have the same ..........
2. My father is 45 years old. My mother is 46 years old. So, My mother
is ....... than my father.
3. European people are usually ...........than Asian people
4. Maya is the ........... student in my class. She never comes late to school
5. Sofi is my ......... sister. She was born two years after me
6. Most students think Mathematic is ............ than Social Science
7. A hill is .................than a mountain
8. My father has the same ........... as my mother. They were born on the
same date, month and year.
9. Those jackets are expensive. But the .............. jacket is the red one
10. Jakarta is ................... city in Indonesia

Unequal Comparison =====Comparative?

Unequal Comparisons using adjective/adverb:

S + verb +
+
noun
adjective/adverb er
than+ pronoun
+
+
noun
S + verb more/les
adjective/adver pronou
+
s
b+
n

Unequal Comparison =====Comparative?

Continued: Unequal Comparisons

using Nouns
+
S + verb more/less/few + noun + noun
+
er
than
pronou
n