Transmission

Introduction
Difference between gearbox and transmission.
The whole idea of getting the power from engine to the ground in order to
move your car (or bike) forwards

Purpose of Transmission
Provide torque required to move the vehicle
Reverse Direction
Be shifted into neutral for starting the engine

Gears

Contact
Noise
Smooth engagement
Stress
Axial Thrust

Spur gear

Helical gear

Gear Ratio
The relative speed between two gears

Gear

Ratio

1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Reverse

3.166:1
1.882:1
1.296:1
0.972:1
0.738:1
3.756:1

RPM of gearbox output shaft

when the engine is at 3000rpm

947
1594
2314
3086
4065
852

Location of transmission in vehicle

Type of transmission

Manual Transmission or transaxle

Sliding mesh gearbox
Constant mesh gearbox
Synchromesh gearbox

Automatic Transmission
Continuous Variable Transmission (CVT)

Sliding mesh gear box

Sliding Gear gears slid horizontally

on splined shaft to move in or out of
mesh.

Sequence of working

Constant mesh gear box

Constant Mesh gears are in constant mesh, and are free to rotate on one
of the shafts
Collar shift or dog clutch are used to engage and disengage gears

Synchromesh gear box

Synchromesh In this type collar shift is replaced by synchronizers

Reverse Gear

Transaxle

Gear Shifting Mechanism

Automatic transmission
There is no clutch pedal in an automatic transmission car.
There is no gear shift in an automatic transmission car. Once you put the
transmission into drive, everything else is automatic.
Automatic Transmission consist of three main components:

Torque Converter
Planetary Gearset
Hydraulic Controls

Torque Converter
Torque converter is a form of fluid
coupling which allows the engine to
spin somewhat independently of the
transmission

Working of torque converter

Torque Converter Clutch

Normally, the impeller turns faster than the turbine. This difference in speed
is slippage
Function of Torque converter clutch:
Improves fuel economy
Lowers the temperature of ATC

Planetary gear sets

Gear

Input

Output

Stationary

Calculation

Gear Ratio

Sun (S)

Planet
Carrier (C)

Ring (R)

1 + R/S

3.4:1

Planet
Carrier (C)

Ring (R)

Sun (S)

1 / (1 + S/R)

0.71:1

Sun (S)

Ring (R)

Planet
Carrier (C)

-R/S

-2.4:1

Planetary gear
Gear

Input

Output

Fixed

Gear Ratio

1st

30-tooth sun

72-tooth ring

Planet carrier

2.4:1

30-tooth sun

Planet carrier

36-tooth ring

2.2:1

Planet carrier

72-tooth ring

36-tooth sun

0.67:1

Total 2nd

1.47:1

2nd

Compound Planetary gear set

3rd

30- and 36-tooth

72-tooth ring
suns

OD

Planet carrier

72-tooth ring

36-tooth sun

0.67:1

Reverse

36-tooth sun

72-tooth ring

Planet carrier

-2.0:1

1.0:1

Working of planetary gearsets

http://static.howstuffworks.com/flash/a
utomatic-transmission-planetary.swf

Planetary gearset controls

Planetary gearsets are controlled by bands, oneway clutches, and multipledisc clutches
Bands and multiple clutches are operated by springs and fluid pressure

Continuous Variable transmission (CVT)

The most common type of CVT operates on an ingenious pulley system

that allows an infinite variability between highest and lowest gears with no
discrete steps or shifts.
Most CVTs only have three basic components:

A high-power metal or rubber belt

A variable-input "driving" pulley
An output "driven" pulley

Working of CVT
Continuous Variable Transmission

Toroidal CVT

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