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MATERIALS
TOPIC:
ADVANCED
CERAMIC MATERIALS
PRESENTED BY
Shubham
Yadav
Shubham
CERAMICS
Aceramicis aninorganic, nonmetallic solidprepared by the
action of heat and subsequent cooling.
CERAMICS VS METALS
METALS
CERAMICS
Crystal Structure
Crystal Structure
Captive electrons
Metallic Bond
Ionic/Covalent bond
Poor conductivity
Opaque
Uniform atoms
Good ductility
Brittle
Plastic flow
None
Impact strength
Lower weight
Moderate hardness
Extreme hardness
High density
INDUSTRIAL CERAMICS
Thousands
Dynamic-Ceramic
Although
INDUSTRIAL CERAMICS
Ceramic products resist to high temperatures, gases, water, salts &
acids based on their mineral component, Properties of all ceramic
products are not identical they vary from each other. Ceramics are
normally bad conductor of electricity; in certain cases when cooled,
they turn into super conductor.
Molecular Structure of
Alumina
2. Silicon-Carbide (sic)
Its physical hardness makes it ideal to be used in abrasive
machining processes like grinding, honing, sand blasting and
water jet cutting.
The ability ofSilicon Carbideto withstand very high
temperatures without breaking or distorting is used in the
manufacture of ceramic brake discs for sports cars. It is also
used in bulletproof vests as an armor material.
Hardness
23800
26250
MPa
Young's Modulus
Compressive
Strength
390.2
410
GPa
3047.4
3359.9
MPa
Property
Value
Density ( g.cm-3 )
6.02
1650
67
Hardness (Mohs)
Ceramic
INDUSTRIAL CERAMICS
Usually,Ceramic productsare divided into 4 sectors
making crucibles
White
Technical,
Engineered Ceramics
Metallized Ceramics
Wear Resistant liner
Ballistic Protection
Lined equipment
Grinding Media
Ceramic Tiles
Cement
Power Generation
Steel Industry
Fluid Handling
Power Distribution Equipment
Coal Washery
Armor
OTHER APPLICATIONS
AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
AEROSPACE INDUSTRY
CUTTING TOOLS
TYPICAL MEDICAL
APPLICATIONS
Prostheses
Surgical Instruments
Diagnostic Equipment
Consumables
Instrumentation
Blood Separation
X-Ray Equipment
Electronic Implants
Electrophoresis
Blood Flow
Foetal Heart Monitor
Nebulisation
Catheters
Pacemakers
Cataract Removal
Ultrasonic Scalpels
DNA Testing
Heart pumps
Blood analysis
Blood flow sensors
Air in-line sensors
Bone stimulators
Bone screws
Cochlear implants
RF ablation instruments
Medical imaging
VIDEO
ZIRCONIA CERAMICS
Zirconia ceramic is characterized as an extremely high strength material. It
is generally stronger than alumina. Because of such resilience, it has been
applied to devices that typically generate sufficient wear, such asfemoral
ballsin hip replacements. While this material is known for its strength, it is
regularly combined with the metal yttrium to prevent the breakdown of the
product.
Single crystals of the cubic phase of
zirconia
are
commonly
used
asdiamond simulantinjewellery. Like
diamond, cubic
zirconia has a cubic crystal structure
and a highindex of refraction. Visually
discerning a good quality cubic
zirconia gem from a diamond is
difficult, and most jewelers will have a
thermal conductivity tester to identify
cubic zirconia by its lowthermal
conductivity(diamond is a very good
ALUMINA CERAMICS
Aluminais generally composed of an aluminum and oxygen
compound and is employed in medical ceramic applications
because it is typically well tolerated by body tissue. It is also
suitable as a surgical implant because it is a very tough and hard
material, and does not wear easily. Alumina is generally
composed of minuscule tightly packed crystals. The composition
results in a ceramic product that is fracture resistant, which is
crucial to safety as well as the maximum wear of an implant.It
offers excellent electrical insulation.
Since early seventies more than 2.5 million femoral heads and
nearly 100,000 liners have been implanted worldwide. And most
importantly alumina-on-alumina implants have been FDA( Food
And Drug Administration) monitored and over 3000 implants
have been successfully implemented since 1987.
PRESENT
SCENARIO
Future trends
One proposed use for bioceramics is the treatment ofcancer. One of the most
common approaches in cancer treatment is the removal of the diseased parts,
however unfortunately recovery or return of full function is seldom achieved.
Non-invasive treatment techniques where only the cancer cells are destroyed
were introduced in mid 80sTwo methods of treatment have been proposed;
treatment throughhyperthermia, and radiotherapy.
Hyperthermia treatmentinvolves implanting a bioceramic material that
contains a ferrite or other magnetic material. The area is then exposed to
alternating magnetic field, which causes the implant and surrounding area to
heat up.
Radiotherapy in this bioceramic materials can be doped with -emitting
materials and implanted into the cancerous area.
CERAMIC SENSORS
FLOW RATE MEASUREMENT
In ultrasonic flow rate measurement a distinction is made
between two different measuring principles: the Doppler effect
and the analysis of the traveling wave time.
In both cases a piezo-ceramic transducer positioned on the tube
wall generates ultrasonic waves, which are then transmitted into
the liquid diagonally to the direction of flow. The Doppler
evaluates the frequency shift of the ultrasonic waves, which are
reflected by stray particles in the liquid.
The greater the flow speed of the liquid, the greater the
frequency shift between the radiated and the reflected wave
front. Only one piezo transducer sending and receiving at
different times is needed for this measuring method.
The
traveling wave time principle always employs two piezoceramic transducers positioned offset to the direction of flow.
They send or receive alternately pulse-shaped ultrasonic wave
packages against the direction of flow and in the direction of flow.
In
CONCLUSION
Starting from humble origins in earthenware and bricks, the
ceramics have come a long way where today they seem to be
poised to virtually revolutionize the modern living.
High temperature superconductors, structural ceramics for
engines and electrolyte ceramics for storage batteries and fuel
cells _ to name only a few- have the ability to cause a step
change in the world around us if their promised potential is
realized.
The next two decades should see this happen. Then we will have
truly entered the "New Stone Age".
REFERENCES