ERECTION OF TRANSMISSION

TOWER AND DESIGN OF

RESIDENTIAL BULIDING
BY
Y.BOOPATHI
12STR001

INTRODUCTION ABOUT COMPANY

M.K.construction was established in the year 2000, by its Founder Mr.

N.Muthukumar who executed civil works in his name, work under TNEB
GENERAL CONSTRUCTION CIRCLE.

In that Short Period MK Construction has successfully completed about 50 more

projects within region for Coimbatore, Tiruppur and Erode districts of Residential
and Power sector.

This commitment to quality has seen it grow from a modest turnover of Rs.10
Lakhs in 2000 to nearly Rs.331 Lakhs in 2012. The major works are,
a) Substation,
c) Transmission tower,
d) Residential buildings.

TRANSMISSION TOWER
Purpose of transmission tower
A tall structure used to support an overhead power line. Also called electricity pylon
or pylon.
The structures of overhead transmission lines, comprising essentially the supports
and foundations, have the role of keeping the conductors at the necessary distance form one
another and form earth, with the specified factor of safety to facilitate the flow of power
through conductor form one point to another with reliability, security and safety.
Transmission lines carry electricity over long distances at high voltages, typically between
110 kV and 765 kV (115,000 volts and765, 000 volts).

Types of transmission tower

The selection of the most suitable types of tower for transmission lines depends on
the actual terrain through which the line traverses
1) Suspension towers
2) Tension tower

Types of Suspension Tower

a) Tangent towers
b) Intermediate towers
c) Light angle towers
Tangent

towers - To be used on straight runs only. Angle of suspension ring is 0.

Intermediate
Light

towers -To be used on straight runs and up to 2 line deviation.

angle towers - To be used on straight runs and up to 5 line deviation.

Types of Tension Tower

a) Small angle towers
b) Medium angle towers
c) Large angle towers
d) Dead-end towers
e) Large angle and dead-end towers
Small Angle Towers - To be used for line deviation from 0 to 15 (HCR tower).
Medium Angle Towers - To be used for line deviation 0 to 30 (HCR tower).
Large Angle Towers - To be used for line deviation from 30 to 60 (KCR tower).
Dead-End Towers - To be used as dead-end (terminal) tower or anchor tower.
Large Angle and Dead-End Towers -To be used for line deviation from 30 to 60 or for
Dead-End.

TOWER HEIGHT
(a) Minimum permissible ground clearance (Ha)
(b) Maximum sag (Hb).
(c) Vertical spacing between conductors (Hc).
(d) Vertical clearance between ground wire and
top conductor (Hw).
Thus the total height of the tower is given by
H = Ha + Hb + Hc + Hw

Vertical clearance between ground wire and top conductor

Accordingly, the values for the various voltages, 66kV to 400 kV, are:
1)

66kV - 5.49m

2)

110kV - 6.10m

3)

220kV - 7.01m

4)

400kV - 8.84m

The above clearances are applicable to transmission lines running in open country.

LOAD CALCULATION FOR TOWER

CONSTRUCTION
Transmission lines are subjected to various loads during their lifetime.
These loads are classified into three distinct categories, namely,
a) Climatic loads -- related to the reliability requirements.
b) Failure containment loads - related to security requirements.
c) Construction and maintenance loads related to safety
requirements

FAILURE CONTAINMENT LOADS

i) Anti cascading loads, and
ii) Torsional and longitudinal loads.
Anti Cascading Loads
Cascade failure may be caused by failure of items such as
insulators, hardware, joints, and failures of major components such as
towers, foundations, conductor due to defective material or workmanship .
Torsional and Longitudinal Loads
These loads are caused by breakage of conductor(s) and/or
ground wire. All the towers shall be designed for these loads for the
number of conductor (s) and/or ground wire considered broken.

SAG CALCULATION
Sag at any Span = Sag at Basic Span (Span Length) 2
(Basic Span) 2

METHODS OF ERECTION
SECTION METHOD
In the section method, major sections of the tower are
assembled on the ground and the same are erected as units.
Either a mobile crane is used and held in place by means of
guys by the side of the tower to be erected.
The two opposite sides of the lower section of the tower are
assembled on the ground.
Each assembled side is then lifted clear of the ground with
the Crane and is lowered into position on bolts to stubs or anchor bolts

One side is held in place with props while the other side is being
erected

The two opposite sides are then laced together with cross members
diagonals and the assembled sections lined up, made square with the
line, and levelled.

After the two opposite faces are raised, the lacing on the other two sides
is bolted up.

TOWER ERECTION

BOLTING AND GUSSET PLATES

The minimum diameter of bolts used for the erection of transmission line towers
is 12 mm. Other sizes commonly used are 16 mm and 20 mm.

Table 3.1 gives the minimum cover to free edge and bolt spacing as per IS: 802
(Part II)-1978 Code of Practice for Use of Structural Steel in Overhead
Transmission line Towers.

On heavier structures, however, the web stresses may be very large and it may not
be possible to accommodate the number of bolts required for the leg connection
in the space available on the members, thus Necessitating the use of gusset plates

DESIGN OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

INTRODUCTION
Modern reinforced concrete structures however complex they may appear
to a novice are usually designed as an assembly of structural elements such as
beams columns, walls, slabs and footings.
Design of reinforced concrete structure is carried in many stages for
instance, empirical apportionment of economical sizes to the various elements, the
detailed calculations of the strength and stability of the structure as a whole and
each of the elements under the various forces it is subjected to the estimation of
economical amount reinforcements to be provided for safety, as also the detailing
of steel in various parts for integrated action.

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

DOOR AND WINDOWS DIMENSIONS

CENTRE LINE DRAWING

LOAD CALCULATION
1) Dead load - IS 875 ( Part 1)
2) Live load IS 875 (part 2)
DEAD LOAD
PCC 24 KN/CU.M
RCC - 25KN/CU.M
Floor Finish 1 KN / CU.M

LIVE LOAD
1) Dwelling houses
a) All rooms and kitchens - 2 KN / SQ.M
b) Toilet and bath rooms - 2 KN / SQ.M
c) Corridors, passages, staircases
including tire escapes and store rooms
d) Balconies

- 3 KN / SQ.M

- 3 KN / SQ.M

Details of Slab
SLAB

LY
(m)

LX
(m)

TYPE OF
SLAB

THICKNESS
(mm)

MAIN
REINFORCE
MENT

DISTRIBUTIO
N
REINFORCE
MENT

SLAB 1

3.3

3.1

TWO WAY

125

SLAB 2

3.3

3.1

TWO WAY

125

SLAB 3

3.6

3.3

TWO WAY

125

SLAB 4

3.6

3.3

TWO WAY

125

SLAB 5

3.3

2.3

TWO WAY

125

SLAB 6

3.3

2.3

TWO WAY

125

10 mm @300
mm
10 mm @300
mm
10 mm @300
mm
10 mm @300
mm
10 mm @300
mm
10 mm @300
mm

8 mm @ 300
mm
8 mm @ 300
mm
8 mm @ 300
mm
8 mm @ 300
mm
8 mm @ 300
mm
8 mm @ 300
mm

Details of Rcc Slab

Details of Beam
TENSION
BEAM

SIZE

No

(m)

LENGTH (m)

SHEAR

REINFORCEM REINFORCEM
ENT

ENT

(6 Nos. of bars)

(2

legged

stirrups)
01

230 X 400

3.8

3Nos of 16mm

8mm@300mm

02

230 X 400

3.5

2Nos of 16mm

8mm@300mm

03

230 X 400

3.3

2Nos of 16mm

8mm@300mm

04

230 X 400

3.5

2Nos of 16mm

8mm@300mm

Details of column
DIA OF
TYPE OF

COLUMN

SIZE

Ast

BARS

LATERAL

COLUMN

NO

IN mm

(mm2)

PROVIDED

TIES
SPACING
(8mm)

AXIAL

18

230 X 300

654.20

4Nos. of 16mm

230 mm c/c

bar

UNIAXIAL

36

230 X 300

1932

6Nos. of 20mm

300 mm c/c

bar

BIAXIAL
18

230 X 300

2484

6Nos. of 20mm
bar

300 mm c/c

Details of foundation

Details of staircase

Details of sunshade

STAAD.Pro ANALYSIS

Beam Details Using STAAD pro

NO OF BEAM SIZE OF BEAM
1

230 X 400

TOP
REINFORCEMENT
2 nos of 10mm bar

BOTTOM
REINFORCEMENT
4 nos 12mm bar

230 X 400

2 nos of 12mm bar

2 nos 12mm bar

230 X 400

2 nos of 12mm bar

2 nos 12mm bar

230 X 400

2 nos of 10mm bar

3 nos 12mm bar

230 X 400

2 nos of 12mm bar

2 nos 12mm bar

SHEAR
8mm 2 legged
stirrups @ 120mm c/c
8mm 2 legged
stirrups @ 120mm c/c
8mm 2 legged
stirrups @ 120mm c/c
8mm 2 legged
stirrups @ 120mm c/c
8mm 2 legged
stirrups @ 120mm c/c

Beam Details using STAAD pro.

Column Details Using STAAD.pro

NO OF BEAM

SIZE OF BEAM

MAIN
REINFORCEMENT

TIE
REINFORCEMENT

230 X 300

REQUIRED STEEL
AREA
( sq.mm )
383.05

4 nos 12mm bar

230 X 300

661.55

4 nos 16mm bar

230 X 300

597.06

4 nos 16mm bar

230 X 300

661.58

4 nos 16mm bar

230 X 300

662.40

4 nos 16mm bar

8mm ties @ 190mm

c/c
8mm ties @ 230mm
c/c
8mm ties @ 230mm
c/c
8mm ties @ 230mm
c/c
8mm ties @ 230mm
c/c

Columns details in STAAD. pro.

Shear and bending diagrams

FOR BEAMS AND COLUMNS

DESIGNED
TOTAL VOLUME OF CONCRETE =
BAR DIA

WEIGHT

(in mm)

(in New)

--------

60.72 CU.METER

--------

19507.15

10

5040.26

12

18558.90

16

2245.39

20

1470.63

25

453.57

-----------*** TOTAL= 47275.90 N

ACTUAL WEIGHT OF THE STRUCTURE =

1430.563 KN

Conclusion

The practical training was very useful and it provides good stage to known the
site difficulties and situations related to the course and the new techniques
implemented.

Through this in plant training, the visualizing of the objects in construction

industry is made easier and better understanding is implemented.

This gives a very good exposure to the construction industry and also justifies
the importance of Design in the buildings.

The MK CONSTRUCTION projects give me an idea about the Design of

residential building and construction sequence of transmission tower.

THANK YOU