SCENARIO 2

DIFFICULT WORD
Wadded: being unmixed well
Inaccuracy: unable to replicate the
intraoral surfaces details
Expired: out of the date

TOPIC

DENTAL IMPRESSION
MATERIALS

QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

What is the definition of dental impression?

What are the function of dental impression?
What are the kinds of dental impression?
What are the classification of dental impression
materials?
What are materials use for dental impression?
What makes good dental impression?
How to make dental impression from common
material (alginate)?
What are the anatomical borders of dental
impression?
What are advantages and disadvantages of
dental impression materials?

10. What are the kinds of jaw model?

11. What happen if we use expired
impression material?

What is the definition of dental impression?

Is a negative imprint of hard (teeth)

and soft tissue in the mouth from which
positive reproduction can be form.
Impression materials is any substances
or combination that use for making an
impression or negative reproduction.
Is a type that record the supporting
structure in their functional form that
shape as negative imprint.

What are the function of dental impression?

It is the supportif imprint to help the dentist to
plan and construct portable or permanent
prothesa.
Prosthodontis such as denture
Orthodontis, restorative dentistry such as to
make impression of teeth which have been
prepare to reciepe inditrect ekstra coronal
restoration (crown and bridge).
Oral and maxilla facial surgery (dental impant)
For the fabrication of study model.

What are the kinds of dental impression?

Negative dental impression: an impression that make
from direct patient mouth and the material is alginat.
Positive dental impression: Is a positive imprint made
from stone gips and filled to negative impression.
3 based of how we will the use:
Prelimanry impression: made as precursor to other
treatment
Final impression: more accurate in their aplication in oral
structure
By registration oclusal impression: use to help mount
diagnostic has in their proper relation on articulator.

 The first impression is more accurate

than second impression.

What are the classification of dental impression

materials?
General: (classified based on viscosity)
Mucostatic: for patient edentuluos, less pressure
(impression plaster, agar)
Mucocompressive: for patient complete
teeth(impression compoun, alginate)
Pseudoplastic (additional silicone)
Based on setting of materials:
Irreversible: the chemical reaction has occurred that
prevent the materials to come back in inititial form
(hydrocolloid alginate, OSE, plaster of paris)
Reversible: can soften after the heat and become
solid in room temperature without chemical reaction
(hydrocolloid reversible, compuon)

 Based on mechanical characteristic:

Hard: gipsum,
Irreversible: zinc oxide eugenol, impression
plaster
Reversible: compoun, wax
Elastic: alginate
Irreversible: alginate. Polysulfide, silicone,
polyeter
Reversible: agar
Based on the properties of set matterial:
Rigid: use for both edentulous and dentulous
impression (impression plaster, impression
compoun, zinc oxide eugenol)
Water based gel: it is inherently unstable since
water represent 85% of the composition
(alginate, agar)
Elastomer: it is a rubbery polymer that capable

 Based on use:
Primary impression material: compoun,
alginate
Secondary impression material:
elastomer
Duplicate material: agar

What are materials use for dental impression?

Materials:
Aginate: elastic impression material made from
seaweed
Stone gips
Plaster of paris: it is made from calcium sulfide beta
dihidrate
Water
Instruments:
Rubber bowl
Spatula
Crownmess, warmess
Trays
Stock trays
Custom trays

What makes good dental impression?

Strong bond between impression
materials and tray
Detailed margins with no tear or
rough surface
No tooth contact with the tray
Homogenous mix of material
The tray is sufficintly filled with
impression material.

How to make dental impression from common

material (alginate)?

The mixing time:

o Fast setting: for the 45 second
o Normal setting: for sixty second
For working time:
o Fast setting: 1minute
o Normal setting: 2 minute
Gelation time:
o Fast setting: 1-2 minute
o Normal setting: 2-4 minute

Steps:
Prepare the tools and materials
Mix the powder alginate with water, it will form
a gel
The alginate impression material sets after 3060 seconds in the patient mouth. Cold water
prolongs the setting time of alginate. While
warm water so turns the time considerably.
They are made by using container which is
design roughly fit over the dental trays. The
are design to be liquid or semi liquid, when first
mix in the tray and quickly set to solid living
and imprint of the structure in the mouth.

What are the anatomical borders of dental impression?

Maxillary landmark:
Teeth
Ridge
Maxillary tuberosity
Hamular notch
Fovea platina
Frenulum labialis and bucallis
Vestibuli roof
Rugae
Papila incisivus
Median suture

 Mandibule landmark:
Teeth
Ridge
Retromolar pad
Internal oblique ridge
External oblique ridge
Frenulum labialis, bucallis, lingualis

What are advantages and disadvantages of dental

impression materials?

Advantages:
It help dentist to plan and construct
Disadvantages:
It may cause uncomfortable feelings to the patient than
if we use digital impression using intraoral camera.
For impression compoun
A: Materail can be we use several times and accuracy can be
improve by floaming surface material
D: difficult to remove if there are undercut
For alginat
A: easy to make, manipulate low cost, and hygienic and
comfortable to patient
D: can not to be corrected, can not be electroplate

What are the kinds of jaw

model?
Study model: plan treatment
Work model: make an instrument for denture,
crown
Correction work: to correction area undercup
Case report model: report the cases, to see the
change from the first process to final process.
Process model: to duplicate work model by
tekniker
Refectory model: for cast process
Duplicate model: same with number 4-6 function.

What happen if we use expired

impression material?

Become wadded, unmixed well

Tearing at the margin
The chemical reaction become toxic
Cause allergy

LO
1. The kind of gipsum
2. Characteristic of gipsum
3. Alginate

The kind of gipsum

Plaster of paris: the material uses for
control the hardness expansion. This is no
longer to be use because this material is
not as elastic as elastomer and hydrocoloid.
Gypsum board: are uses concrate blocks in
building construction
Gypsum mortar: is an ancient mortar use in
building construction
Fertilizer and soil conditioner often revered
to as plaster

 Types of gipsum in dentistry:

Impression plaster: use for impress edentulous patient. May also
be use to amount cast on articulator. A dental articulator is a
mechanical device use to place maxillary and mandibula cast in
oclusion and fix position.
Plaster of paris: use for boxing. It is use to producing study case
or primary case and it is use to fill flask during complete the
denture construction. Composition calcium sulfide beta
hemihydrate, iron pottasium sulfide (reduce the expansion),
borax (to manage setting time), starch (to separate model stone)
Dental stone: to make positive impression. It is an alpha form of
calcium sulfide hemihydrate which use in making master cast.
Dental stone high strength low expansion: stronger than type 3
Dental stone high strength high expansion: for restoration metal.

 Plaster model/laboratorium plaster: it used to

fill kuvet and to process of making prothesa
usually it has white colour. Use for:
Diagnostic cast
Articulation of stone cast
Art portion of working cast
Flasking procedure for acrylic denture
Dental stone (type 3): use for
Full or partial denture model
Orthodontic model
Flasking procedure for acrylic denture.

The gypsum is include in ADA spesification number 25.

Model plaster (type 2): it is use for pouring up preliminary
impression for study model. Case presentation or
orthodontic. This type of gypsum is least strong. Phisycall
properties are irregular particles, rough, porous, large
particle, requires more water than stone particles.
Dental stone (type 3): uses for a more durable diagnostic
case. The colour commonly yellow buff. This dental stone
is medium strength. Physicall properties are more regular
particles, more uniform in shape, least porous, smaller
particle, require less water than plaster.
Type 4: physicall properties are smooth particle more
uniform in shape, least porous, more dense, smallest
particle, requires least amount of water. Commonly colour
pink or green use for creating a die for crowns, bridges, or
the fabrication of an indirect restoration like inlays or
onlays.

 Based on crystal structure:

Beta hemyhidrate for type 1 and 2: it is
fibrous egrigate of fine crystals with
capillary porous and fluffy porous and
least dense.
Alfa hemyhidrate for type 3 and 4: It is
cleafage fragments and crystals inform
in prism and higher density and more
crystal line.

Characteristic of gipsum
Properties of ideal gypsum:
Dimensional stability: no expansion or contraction
during or after setting.
High comppresive strength
Hardnesss strength affect by:
Porousity: gypsum is a porous material can separate
water and gas from mould during casting process
Shape of particles (large irregular particle down
condense well leading to decrease density)
Amount of water mixed with the powder.

Reproduce the fine detail

Lessionable setting time

 Characteristic plaster of paris:

Has low visicocity so has mucostatic
character
Hydrofillic so plaster of paris can produce
detail impression. But plaster of paris can
cause dry mouth.
Physicall properties characteristic of gypsum:
Chemicall classification: sulfide
Colour: gypsum has clear colourless like grey,
yellow, red, and brown. Streak: white colour.
Diapanety: transparant and translussion.
Diagnostic properties: is cleavage spesific gravity
and low hardness.

Alginate
Alginate an irreversible elastic hydrocolloid
and mucous extract yeld from certain
brown seaweed. It is have 2 types:
Fast setting
Normal setting
Alginate for impression to make study model and
working case and for making preliminary
impression.
So alginate make from algino acid (from
seaweed).

 The main component of alginate: sodium alginate

18% (the form hydrogell), calcium sulfide 14% (to
form calcium ion), trisodium phospate 2% (to
controll working time), zinc oxide, and calcium
titanium fluorida. Sodium alginate, calcium sulfide,
sodium phospate (use for reactan). Potassium
sulfide 10% (it may form the surface of the gypsum
model)
There is filler material such as dirt diatoma, it use
for control the setting time.
There is also contain sodium silicofloride 4% (as a
Ph controller)

 The shapes of alginate:

Powder: must mix with water
Paste: that made from alginate sol and
calcium reactor.